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Notes
162. In its revised Constitution of 1955 by Article 45, and by Article 14, Number 505 of the
Civil Code, the Haile Selassie government allowed the people to be organized in a self-
help association.
163. Paul Baxter,“The Problem of the Oromo,” p. 139.
164. Mohammed Hassen, “The Oromo Nation under Amhara Colonial Administration,”
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 44 (1981), p. 36.
165. Olana Zoga, Gazatena Gezot, p. 29.
166. Peter Alter, Nationalism, p. 79.
167. A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia, p. 156.
168. Interview with Lubee Biru on August 5, 1988, Riverdale, Maryland.
169. A. P. Wood, “Rural Development and National Integration in Ethiopia,” Review of
African Political Economy, vol. 26 (1983), p. 516.
170. Mohammed Hassen,“The Matcha-Tulama Association”;A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia,
pp. 158–160.
171. Quoted in A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia, p. 157.
172. P.T.W. Baxter,“Ethiopia’s Unacknowledged Problem:The Oromo,”African Affairs, vol.
77, no. 308 (1978), p. 288.
173. Quoted in A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia, p. 157 and quoted in Mohammed Hassen,
“The Matcha-Tulama Association.”
174. Ibid.; Olana Zoga, op. cit., p. 297.
175. “The Oromo:Voice against Tyranny,”reprinted in Horn of Africa, vol.3,no.3 (1980),p.23.
176. Ibid.
177. C.Wondji, “Toward a Responsible African Historiography,” in African Historiographies:
What History for Which Africa?, ed. B. Jewsiewicki and D. Newbury (Beverley Hills: Sag
Publications, 1986), p. 269.
178. Interview with Galasa Dilbo, OLF General Secretary, OLF office, Washington, D.C.,
August 27, 1993; interview with Dima Noggo, member of the central Committee of
the OLF, Nairobi, Kenya, July 12, 1993; interview with Deressa Kitte, OLF member,
June 8, 1993.The author is also familiar with these conditions, since he was a student
at this university and participated in some of these activities between 1972 and 1978.
179. Interviews with Galasa Dilbo, Dima Noggo, and Deressa Kitte.
180. Amilcar Cabral, Return to the Source (New York: Monthly Review, 1973), pp. 39–40.
181. See A. Jalata,“The Emergence of Oromo Nationalism and Ethiopian Reaction,” Social
Justice, vol. 22, no. 3 (1995), pp. 165–189.
182. Oromo Liberation Front,“Democratic Resolution of the Oromo National Liberation
Struggle and other Conflicts in the Ethiopian Empire,”April 18, 1990.
183. Oromo Liberation Front,“OLF Statement About the TPLF-Sponsored OPDO,” July 5,
1990, p. 3.
184. Gadaa Melbaa, Oromia, 2nd ed. (Khartoum, 1988), p. 135.
185. Ibid., p. 136.
186. Ibid., p. 137.
187. Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983), p. 84.
188. Gadaa Melbaa, Oromia, p. 133.
189. Mohammed Hassen,“The Development of Oromo Nationalism,” p. 68.
190. Almerigo Griz,“Ethiopia Fights a War of Confusion,” Jane’s Defense Weekly, vol. 7, no.
16, 1987.
191. Gadaa Melbaa, Oromia, pp. 138–139.
192. Almerigo Griz,“Ethiopia Fights.”
193. Paul Baxter,“The Problem of the Oromo,” p. 146.
194. For more information, see Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Coun-
try and the World (New York: Harper & Row, 1987).