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Notes
19. For details, see Leenco Lata, “The Making and Unmaking of Ethiopia’s Transitional
Charter,” in Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse, ed.Asafa Jalata, pp. 51–77.
20. See William I. Robinson, op. cit.; Bonnie K. Holcomb, op. cit.
21. George E. Moose, “Testimony of Assistant Secretary of State Before the House Sub-
committee on Ethiopia,” July 27, 1994.
22. For example, see Susan Rice,“Statement before the Subcommittees on Africa and on
International Operations and Human Rights of the House International Relations
Committee,”Washington, D.C., July 29, 1998.
23. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, “Departure Remarks Ababa, Ethiopia, De-
cember 10, 1997, as released by the Office of the U.S. Department of State, http://sec-
retary.state.gov/www/statements/971210.html., p. 1.
24. Michael Sealy, “Creating a Partnership: The United States and the Black World,”
TransAfrica Forum, vol. 9, no. 4, Special Issue (1993) p. 38.
25. See Asafa Jalata,“U.S.-Sponsored Ethiopian ‘Democracy’ and State Terrorism”;William
Robinson, op. cit. Bonnie K. Holcomb, op. cit.
26. Interview with Muhammed Abbas in Knoxville, on May 25 and 27, 1998; see also A.
Jalata, “U.S.-Sponsored Ethiopian ‘Democracy’ and State Terrorism”; see also Ibssa
Gutama,“Ethiopia:The Transition to Ethnic Dictatorship under the Guise of Democ-
racy,” Paper delivered at Fortieth Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association,
Columbus, Ohio, November. 13–16, 1997.
27. Interview with Muhammed Abbas;A. Jalata,“U.S.-Sponsored Ethiopian ‘Democracy.’”
28. According to Fanon,“In the colonies it is the policeman and the soldier who are the
official instituted go-betweens, the spokesman of the settler and his rule of oppres-
sion. . . . By their immediate presence and their frequent and direct action, they main-
tain contact with the native and advise him by means of rifle-butts and napalm not to
budge. It is obvious here that the agents of government speak the language of pure
force.” Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1966), p. 31.
29. See A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia, pp. 178–186.
30. See Ibssa Gutama,“The Transition to Ethnic Dictatorship.”
31. Theodore M.Vestal,“Deficit of Democracy in the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
since 1991,” Oklahoma State University, 1994, p. 19
32. Interview with Muhammed Abbas.
33. Interview with Gadisa Bula in Knoxville on May 22, 1998.
34. History shows that in all colonized populations, there have been marginalized individ-
uals who participated in the projects of their colonizers. For further discussion, see Clo-
vis E. Semmes, Cultural Hegemony and African American Development (Westport, Conn.:
Praeger, 1992), p. 6; Luana Ross, Inventing the Savage:The Social Construction of Native
American Criminality (Austin: University Press of Texas Press, 1998).
35. Luana Ross, ibid., pp. 11–12.
36. Maxanne is an Oromo concept that explains the attachment of something to something
else since it cannot exist by itself; here this concept indicates that the OPDO is an or-
ganization that is attached to the Tigrayan-led EPRDF. Hence, it does not have an in-
dependent life and it serves mainly the interests of the enemies of Oromos.
37. Frantz Fanon, op. cit.
38. Oromia Support Group, “Urgent Action-November 1997,” p. 1.
39. For example, see Bonnie K. Holcomb, op. cit.; Asafa Jalata, “The Cultural Roots of
Oromo Nationalism,” in Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse, pp. 27–49.
40. See Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World-Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, 1980);Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, D.
C.: Howard University Press, 1972); Nathan Irvin Huggins, Black Odyssey (New York:
Vintage Books, 1977); Stanley M. Elkins, Slavery (Chicago:The University of Chicago
Press, 1968).