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Notes
59. Alberto Sbacchi,Legacy of Bitterness:Ethiopia and Fascist Italy,1935–1941 (Lawrenceville,
N.J.:The Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 25.
60. John Sorenson, op. cit., p. 29.
61. Ibid.
62. Quoted in ibid., p. 29; quoted in Harold G. Marcus,“Racist Discourse about Ethiopia
and Ethiopians before and after the Battle of Adwa,” Adwa Conference, AAU, March
1996, p. 5.
63. See Harold G. Marcus, ibid.
64. Racist Euro-American scholars who believe in racial distinctions use these kinds of
racist phrases to show the significance of Whitenness and denigrate Blackness in human
civilizations. For further discussion, see Mariam Ma’at-Ka-Re Monges, Kush:The Jewel
of Nubia, pp. 23–29; Harold G.Marcus,“Racist Discourse,” op. cit., p. 7.
65. Cited in Harold G. Marcus,“Racist Discourse,” op. cit., p. 6.
66. Cedric J. Robinson,“The African Diaspora and the Italo- Ethiopian Crisis,” Race and
Class 2 (1985), p. 53.
67. P.T.W. Baxter,“The Creation and Constitution of Oromo Nationality,” in Ethnicity and
Conflict in the Horn of Africa, ed. Katsuyoshi Fukui and John Markakis (Athens: Ohio
University Press, 1994), p. 172.
68. Cultural racism can be defined as the conscious or subconscious conviction of the po-
litically dominant population group that imposes its cultural patterns and practices
through its social institutions in an attempt to destroy or suppress the cultural patterns
and practices of the colonized and dominated population. For detailed discussion, see
Benjamin P. Bowser and Raymond G. Hunt, ed. Impacts of Racism on White Americans.
69. For example see,Mariam Ma’at-Ka-Re Monges,op.cit.;Molefi K.Asante,op.cit.;Mar-
tin Bernal, Black Athena:The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, vol. I.The Fabrica-
tion of Ancient Greece, 1785–1985 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press,
1987).
70. P.T.W. Baxter, op. cit., p. 172.
71. John Sorenson,“Ethiopian Discourse and Oromo Nationalism,” in Oromo Nationalism
and the Ethiopian Discourse, ed.Asafa Jalata, pp. 233–234.
72. Habasha elites several times attempted to use the African diaspora for their economic
and political interests by capitalizing on the emotion they had for the name Ethiopia.
See for example, William R. Scott, The Sons of Sheba’s Race: African-Americans and the
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935–1941 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993); Joseph
Harris, “Race and Misperceptions in the Origins of United States-Ethiopian Rela-
tions,” TransAfrica Forum, vol. 3, no. 2 (Winter 1986), pp. 9–23.
73. William R. Scott, ibid., p. 26.
74. Edward Ullendorff, The Ethiopians, pp. 76 and 73 respectively.
75. See for example,John Sorenson,“Ethiopian Discourse”;Jordan Gebre-Medhin,Peasants
and Nationalism in Eritrea (Trenton, N.J.:The Red Sea Press, 1989).
76. John Sorenson, ibid., p. 234.
77. See W. C. Harris, The Highlands of Ethiopia (Philadelphia:T. B. Peterson, 1844), vol. 3,
pp. 72–73; M. de Almeida, “History of Ethiopia,” in Some Records of Ethiopia 1593-
1646, trans. and ed. C. F. Beckingham and G.W. B Huntingford (London: Hakluyt So-
ciety, 1954), pp. 111–139.
78. See Abba Bahrey,“History of the Galla,” in Some Records of Ethiopia, ibid.; James Bruce,
Travels in Abyssinia and Nubia 1768–1773 (Edinburgh:Adam and Charles Black, 1973),
p. 86; Edward Ullendorf, The Ethiopians, p. 76; Harold G. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), p. 4.
79. See L. Fargo, Abyssinia on the Eve (London: Putnam, 1935), p. 45; C. F. Rey, The Real
Abyssinia (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969), p. 47.