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66. See U.S. Department of State, 1993.
67. B. Fossati, et al., op. cit.
68. See Hizbawi Adera, Tahisas to Yekatit, 1989 E.C.This paper of the Tigrayan ruling roup
only circulates among its members; accidentally the copy of this paper was obtained by
Oromos.
69. T. Dibaba,“Humanity Forsaken:The Case of the Oromo Relief Association (ORA) in
the Horn of Africa,” paper presented to the Oromo Studies Association Annual Meet-
ing at the University of Minnesota, 1997, p. 7.
70. Ibid.
71. See Oromia Support Group, August/September 1996.
72. B. Fossati, et al., op. cit., p. 3.
73. T. Dibaba, op. cit.
74. B. Fossati, et al., op. cit.
75. Quoted in Fossati, Namarra, and Niggli, p.10.
76. Ibid., p. 44.
77. Ibid., p. 36.
78. Quoted in Richard A. Couto, “Narrative, Free Space, Political Leadership in Social
Movements,” in The Journal of Politics, vol. 55, no. 1 (February 1993), p. 59.
79. See for details,Asafa Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia, pp. 62–73.
80. Bonnie K. Holcomb,“Oromo in the World Community,” The Journal of Oromo Studies,
vol. 6, nos. 1 and 2 (July 1999), p. 5.
81. Amilcar Cabral, Return to the Source (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973), p. 61.
82. Elizabeth Rauh Bethel, The Roots of African-American Identity: Memory and History in An-
tebellum Free Communities (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), p. 78.
83. Ibid., pp. 54–55.
84. Richard A. Couto,“Narrative, Free Space, Political Leadership in Social Movement,” p.
60.
85. Lawrence W. Levine, Black Culture and Black Consciousness (New York: Oxford Univer-
sity Press, 1978), p. xi.
86. Ibid.
87. Addisu Tolesa, Geerarsa Folksongs as the Oromo National Literature (Lewiston, New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1990).
88. Quoted in Anthony D. Smith, The Ethnic Revival (New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1981), p. viii.
89. Quoted in Harold R. Isaacs, Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change (Cam-
bridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975), p. 115.
90. Elizabeth Rauh Bethel, The Roots of African-American Identity, p. 26.
91. Ibid., p. 27.
92. Anthony D.Smith,National Identity (Reno,Las Vegas:University of Nevada Press,1991),
p. 71.
93. Asafa Jalata,“The Cultural Roots of Oromo Nationalism,” in Oromo Nationalism and the
Ethiopian Discourse, pp. 27–49.
94. Ben Barber,“Coming Back to Life:Will the Oromos’ Cultural Revival Split Ethiopia?”
Culture-Crossroads, 1994, p. 1.
95. A. Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia.
96. C. H. Enloe,“Ethnicity, the State, and the International Order,” in The Primordial Chal-
lenge: Ethnicity in the Contemporary World, ed. J. F. Stack, Jr. (New York: Greenwood Press,
1986), p. 39.
97. See A.Jalata,“The Struggle For Knowledge:The Case of Emergent Oromo Studies,”The
African Studies Review, 39 (September 1996), pp. 95–123; L. Lata,“Peculiar Challenges to
Oromo Nationalism,” Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse, pp. 125–152.