Page 23 - Phelan Energy Green Ammonia Plant Egypt

Green Ammonia
About Ammonia
o Ammonia is a chemical compound of nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H) with the formula NH3. Ammonia is not flammable but can be combusted in the presence of oxygen and heat. Alternatively, in the presence of oxygen, a catalyst, and heat, ammonia can also be decomposed into its constituent elements, nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia is a gas at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure but can be converted to liquid at higher pressures.
o Ammonia is the second most widely produced commodity chemical globally, with a production volume of around 176 million tons in 2020.
o About 80% of ammonia is used for fertilizers, while the remainder is used for various industrial applications, such as plastics, explosives and synthetic fibres.
o Ammonia is emerging as a zero-carbon fuel for stationary power generation, as a hydrogen carrier for international trade of carbon-free energy, and as the backbone fuel
for the decarbonisation of the international shipping sector.
Fertilizers Heating Traditional Use
Ammonia Market
o China is the largest producer of ammonia, accounting for around 30% of production(and 45% of CO2 emissions), with the US, the European Union, India, Russia and the Middle East accounting for a further 8-10% each.
o Ammonia is traded around the world, with global exports equating to about 10% of global production.
o The availability of feedstock and process energy is a key determinant of where and how ammonia is produced, Low-cost natural gas in the US, Middle East and Russia
Industrial Chemicals
Energy storage
Shipping Remote fuel electricity
generation
Transport fuel
Expanded Use
explain the prominent roles of these regions and their natural gas-based plant fleets. China’s abundant coal reserves explain its heavy reliance on the fuel, which accounts
for around 85% of its production.
o Key players operating in the global ammonia market are BASF SE, Yara International, CF Industries Holdings, Nutrien Ltd., SABIC, Eurochem etc.
Sources: https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/green-ammonia/green-ammonia-policy-briefing.pdf, https://www.iea.org
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