Page 156 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

7 | Orthopaedic pain

VetBooks.ir pain relieving e ect 4 hours in dogs,
although its use in cats is not recommended.
Acupuncture, massage, therapeutic laser and
therapeutic ultrasound may have some bene t
in companion animals.

References and further
reading

Benite E, Roush , u anich B and c urphy R 1
Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered
for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial
plateau leveling osteotomy. American Journal of Veterinary
Research 76, 76 77
Beraud R, oreau and Lussier B 1 E ect of exercise on
kinetic gait analysis of dogs a icted by osteoarthritis. Veterinary
and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23, 87 9
Cashmore R , arcourt Brown R, reeman P , e ery
N and ranger N 9 Clinical diagnosis and treatment
of suspected neuropathic pain in three dogs. Australian
Veterinary Journal 87, 4
unt R, ean RS, avis N and urrell C 1 An analysis
of the relative frequencies of reported adverse events
associated with NSAI administration in dogs and cats in the
United Kingdom. Veterinary Journal 206, 18 19
Innes , Clayton and Lascelles B 1 Review of the
safety and e cacy of long term NSAI use in the treatment of
canine osteoarthritis. Veterinary Record 166, 6
Administration of extracorporeal shock ohnston SA, cLaughlin R and Budsberg SC 8
wave therapy to treat exor tendon Nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis in dogs. Veterinary
enthesiopathy secondary to elbow dysplasia. Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 38, 1449 147
Author’s perspective
■ Review the diagnosis
• Is the diagnosis correct?
• Are there other co-morbidities?
• Are these caused by or do they contribute to the clinical presentation?
• Can these be resolved by other means (e.g. surgery, weight loss)?
■ Review the medication(s)
• Are they appropriate?
• Is there a history of adverse reactions?
• Consider multimodal pain therapy
– Typical sequence of drug use (used in combination)
ο NSAI
ο + Gabapentin
ο + Amantadine
ο + Paracetamol (dogs only)
• Consider nutraceuticals and structure-modifying drugs
■ Start physiotherapy hydrotherapy
■ iscuss exercise control
■ iscuss weight control
■ Consider other treatments such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy or acupuncture

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