Page 160 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

7 | Cancer pain

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(a)
Advanced imaging studies may
be re uired to assess the full
extent of tumour invasion. (a) Post contrast
computed tomographic images of a
prostatic adenocarcinoma in a ack Russell
errier. (b) Ultrasound image of a transitional
cell carcinoma of the bladder trigone and
urethra in a erman Shepherd og.

(b)

Presence of co-morbidities
he prevalence of many tumours rises after Paraneoplastic syndromes are systemic
middle age in canine patients obson et al., disorders that result from the presence of
. In this age group, and often in speci c cancer but occur at sites distant from the
breeds, painful, chronic co morbidities may also primary tumour Bergman, 1 . hey occur
arise, adding to the overall impact on uality of secondary to the release of hormones,
life. hese include degenerative oint disease, cytokines, growth factors or other peptides from
in ammatory skin disease, dental disease, the tumour or as a result of tumour related
chronic pancreatitis, cystitis or prostatitis. autoimmunity. Paraneoplastic syndromes
Co morbidities e.g. chronic renal or hepatic associated with signi cant pain may include
disease may also complicate the choice of drug
treatments used to manage cancer associated ■ Polyneuropathies
pain and may necessitate ongoing assessment ■ Polymyopathies
of therapy and any treatment side e ects. ■ Immune mediated polyarthritis

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