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1172.e2 Transfusion Therapy and Collection Techniques for Blood Banking

Recommendations for Screening of Canine Blood Donors for Blood-Borne Pathogens
VetBooks.ir Agent* Optimal Standards* Minimal Standards Comments
Vector-Borne Pathogens: Testing Recommended
Anaplasma
dogs are an acceptable
may be difficult. Use of seropositive but PCR-negative dogs as donors is
phagocytophilum Seronegative and PCR-negative dogs. Seronegative In areas endemic for Ixodes spp, identification of seronegative donors
PCR-negative dogs
alternative if serologic testing is considered acceptable in this situation. Because seronegative dogs are
more economical or yields more rarely PCR positive, serologic testing alone can be considered if serologic
rapid turnaround time than PCR. testing is more economical or yields more rapid turnaround time than
PCR.
Anaplasma platys Seronegative and PCR-negative dogs. Seronegative In areas endemic for Rhipicephalus tick spp, identification of seronegative
PCR-negative dogs dogs are an acceptable donors may be difficult. Use of seropositive but PCR-negative dogs as
alternative if serologic testing is donors is considered acceptable in this situation. Because seronegative
more economical or yields more dogs are rarely PCR positive, serologic testing alone can be considered
rapid turnaround time than PCR. if serologic testing is more economical or yields more rapid turnaround
time than PCR. Because not all serologic assays are known to detect A.
platys antibodies, the minimal standard is PCR.
Babesia canis vogeli Seronegative and PCR PCR negative High-risk dogs include greyhounds and those with a history of exposure
negative, especially in to Rhipicephalus ticks.
high-risk dogs
Babesia gibsoni Seronegative and PCR PCR negative High-risk dogs include pit bull terriers and donors with a history of
negative, especially in aggressive interactions with pit bull terriers.
high-risk dogs
Other Babesia spp PCR-negative dogs PCR-negative dogs or no Serology is not available; distribution is limited, so screening can be
screening considered optional.
Bartonella henselae Seronegative and BAPGM PCR-negative dogs Serology is negative in more than 50% of clinical cases and should not
culture–PCR-negative dogs be used alone for screening. PCR without BAPGM culture enrichment
is insensitive for detection of Bartonella bacteremia in dogs, but the
overall prevalence of infection in dogs is low. When testing with BAPGM
culture–PCR is not practical because of expense and/or turnaround time,
serology combined with PCR or PCR alone can be considered.
Bartonella vinsonii var Seronegative and BAPGM PCR-negative dogs See Bartonella henselae
berkhoffi culture– PCR-negative dogs
Other Bartonella spp BAPGM culture–PCR- No screening Serologic assays are species specific and are not available for many
negative dogs species; most are not as prevalent as B. henselae or B. vinsonii, and
their pathogenicity is less well established.
Ehrlichia canis Seronegative and Seronegative dogs or PCR- All donors should be screened. Seronegative dogs are rarely PCR
PCR-negative dogs negative dogs positive, and serologic testing alone can be considered if serologic testing
is more economical or yields more rapid turnaround time than PCR. In
contrast to A. phagocytophilum, seropositive dogs should not be used as
donors because E. canis is a significant pathogen and PCR assays are
insensitive for ruling out the infection in chronically infected dogs.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Seronegative and PCR-negative dogs in high-risk High-risk areas are the southeastern United States and the mid-Atlantic
PCR-negative dogs areas; no screening of low-risk states. Not all serologic assays are known to detect antibodies to E.
areas chaffeensis.
Ehrlichia ewingii Seronegative and Seronegative dogs or PCR- High-risk areas are those endemic for Amblyomma americanum ticks.
PCR-negative dogs negative dogs in high-risk areas; Not all serologic assays are known to detect antibodies to E. ewingii.
no screening of low-risk areas
Hepatozoon canis/ PCR-negative dogs No screening Serologic assays are not available for routine diagnosis in the United
americanum States. Testing using PCR is strongly recommended in endemic regions
(southeastern and south central United States). Natural transmission
requires ingestion of an infected tick; transmission by blood transfusion
has not been documented.

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