Page 2409 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Acidosis, Metabolic Acidosis, Respiratory 1193

Acidosis, Metabolic
VetBooks.ir Increased Anion Gap (Normochloremic) Normal Anion Gap (Hyperchloremic)

Ethylene glycol intoxication
Salicylate intoxication Diarrhea
Renal tubular acidosis
Other rare intoxications (e.g., paraldehyde, methanol) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide)
Diabetic ketoacidosis* Ammonium chloride
Uremic acidosis † Cationic amino acids (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine)
Lactic acidosis Posthypocapnic metabolic acidosis
Dilutional acidosis (e.g., rapid administration of 0.9% saline)
Hypoadrenocorticism ‡
*Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis may have some component of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in conjunction with increased anion gap acidosis.
† The metabolic acidosis early in kidney disease may be hyperchloremic and later convert to typical increased anion gap acidosis.
‡ Patients with hypoadrenocorticism typically present with hypochloremia due to impaired water excretion, absence of aldosterone, impaired renal function, and lactic acidosis. These factors prevent manifestation
of hyperchloremia.
From DiBartola S: Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice, ed 4, St. Louis, 2012, Saunders.

Acidosis, Respiratory

Airway Obstruction Tick paralysis Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Aspiration (e.g., foreign body, vomitus) Hypokalemic myopathy in cats
Mass (e.g., neoplasia, abscess) Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in Burmese cats
Collapsing trachea Drug-induced (neuromuscular blocking agents, aminoglycosides with
Bronchiectasis anesthetics, organophosphates)
Asthma Restrictive Extrapulmonary Disorders
Obstructed endotracheal tube Diaphragmatic hernia
Brachycephalic airway syndrome Pleural space disease
Laryngeal paralysis/laryngospasm Chest wall trauma/flail chest
Respiratory Center Depression Intrinsic Pulmonary and Small Airway Disease
Neurologic disease (e.g., brainstem, high cervical spinal cord lesion) Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Drugs (e.g., narcotics, sedatives, barbiturates, inhalation anesthetics) Bronchiectasis
Increased CO 2 Production With Impaired Alveolar Ventilation Asthma
Cardiopulmonary arrest Severe pulmonary edema
Heatstroke Pulmonary thromboembolism
Malignant hyperthermia Pneumonia
Neuromuscular Defects Pulmonary fibrosis
Myasthenia gravis Diffuse metastatic disease
Tetanus Smoke inhalation
Botulism Inadequate Mechanical Ventilation
Polyradiculoneuritis Marked Obesity (Pickwickian Syndrome)
Polymyositis
From DiBartola S: Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice, ed 4, St. Louis, 2012, Saunders.

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