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1108   PART IX   Nervous System and Neuromuscular Disorders


            Genetic testing is available for Labradors and Dobermans,   Bhatti SF, et al. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force con-
            where the disorder is inherited as an autosomal trait. The   sensus proposal:medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe.
  VetBooks.ir  predominant sign in dogs and cats is cataplexy, character-  Pakozdy A, et al. Treatment and long term follow-up of cats with
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            ized by an abrupt paroxysmal loss of muscle tone without
                                                                  suspected primary epilepsy. J Feline Med Surg. 2012;15:267.
            loss  of consciousness  frequently  induced by excitement
            such as eating or playing. Episodes occur abruptly and last   Pakozdy A, et al. Retrospective clinical comparison of idiopathic
                                                                  versus symptomatic epilepsy in 240 dogs with seizures. Acta Vet
            from a few seconds to 30 minutes or more. Animals with   Hung. 2008;56:471.
            narcolepsy may also exhibit excessive sleepiness during the   Patterson EE. Status epilepticus and cluster seizures. Vet Clin North
            day,  prolonged  deep  sleep,  and  “sleep  attacks”  where  they   Am Small Anim Pract. 2014;44:1103.
            abruptly transition from an active and alert state to REM   Podell M, et al. 2015 ACVIM small animal consensus statement on
            sleep with closed eyelids, loss of consciousness, and twitch-  seizure management in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30:477.
            ing. Treatment is generally focused on reducing cataplexic   Podell M. Seizures. In: Platt SR, Olby NJ, eds. BSAVA manual of
            attacks using tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine   canine and feline neurology. Gloucester: BSAVA; 2013.
            (0.4-1.0 mg/kg orally q8-12h) or serotonin reuptake inhibi-  Rossmeisl JH, Inzana KD. Clinical signs, risk factors and outcomes
            tors like Fluoxetine (1 mg/kg orally q24h). Stimulants can   associated with bromide toxicosis (bromism) in dogs with idio-
            also be administered to decrease daytime drowsiness.  pathic epilepsy. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;234:1425.
                                                                 Taylor SM. Exercise-induced weakness/collapse in Labrador
                                                                  Retrievers. In: Tilley LP, Smith FW, eds. Blackwell’s five minute
            Suggested Readings                                    veterinary consult: canine and feline. ed 6. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell;
            Bagley RS, Platt S. Tremors, involuntary movements and paroxys-  2016.
              mal disorders. In: Platt SR, Olby NJ, eds. BSAVA manual of canine   Thomas WB. Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North
              and feline neurology. Gloucester: BSAVA; 2013.      Am Small Anim Pract. 2010;40:161.
            Barnes HL, et al. Clinical signs, underlying cause and outcome in   Wahle AM, et al. Clinical characterization of Epilepsy of unknown
              cats with seizures: 17 cases (1997-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc.   cause in cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28:182.
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