Page 1146 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

1118 PART IX Nervous System and Neuromuscular Disorders

TABLE 64.1
VetBooks.ir Ancillary Tests in Diagnosis of Infectious Inflammatory
Central Nervous System Disease
DISORDER
SUSPECTED ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTICS
Acute distemper Conjunctival scrapings
(D) Ophthalmic exam
Thoracic radiographs
Skin biopsy immunohistochemistry
RT-PCR on blood, CSF
A CSF antibody titer
Bacterial (D, C) Ear/throat/eye exam
Thoracic radiographs
Cardiac and abdominal ultrasound
Spinal radiographs or CT
Skull CT or MRI
Blood/urine cultures
CSF culture
Toxoplasmosis Ophthalmic exam
(D, C) ALT, AST, CK activities
CSF, serum titers
PCR on CSF, aqueous humor, blood,
tissues
Neosporosis (D) AST, CK activities
B CSF, serum titers
Muscle immunohistochemistry
FIG 64.1 PCR on CSF
(A) Pain causes this young Bernese Mountain dog with
steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis to stand with an Feline infectious Ophthalmic exam
arched spine and be reluctant to walk. (B) Cerebrospinal peritonitis (C) Serum globulin
fluid from this dog is inflammatory, with a dramatic Abdominal palpation/ultrasound
neutrophilic pleocytosis. (From Meric S et al: Necrotizing Coronavirus antibody in CSF, serum
vasculitis of the spinal pachyleptomeningeal arteries in three Coronavirus immunohistochemistry on
Bernese Mountain Dog littermates, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc tissues
22:463, 1986.) Coronavirus PCR on CSF, affected
tissues
Cryptococcosis Ophthalmic exam
(D, C) Thoracic radiographs
Skull/brain MRI
Nasal swab cytology
Lymph node aspirates
Test for capsular antigen in serum,
BOX 64.1 CSF
CSF culture
Causes of Neck Pain in the Dog
Rocky Mountain Thoracic radiographs
MUSCLE: Myositis (immune, infectious), muscle injury spotted fever CBC, platelet count
BONE: Fracture/luxation, diskospondylitis, vertebral (D) Serum globulin
osteomyelitis, neoplasia Skin biopsy: IFA
JOINT (facetal joints): Polyarthritis (immune, infectious), Serum titer (demonstrate rise)
degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) Ehrlichiosis (D) CBC, platelet count
NERVE ROOT: Neoplasia, compression (by disk, tumor, Serum titer
fibrous tissue, perineural cysts) Ophthalmic examination
MENINGES: Neoplasia, inflammation (immune,
infectious), compression/traction (synovial cysts, disk ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; C,
prolapse, atlanto-axial instability, cervical cat; CBC, complete blood count; CK, creatine kinase; CSF,
spondylomyelopathy, syringomyelia) cerebrospinal fluid; CT, computed tomography; D, dog; IFA,
BRAIN: Mass lesion (neoplasia, inflammatory) immunofluorescent antibody analysis; MRI, magnetic resonance
imaging; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, reverse
transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.