Page 207 - Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, 2nd Edition

182 CHAPTER 1

VetBooks.ir 1.350 1.351

Figs. 1.350, 1.351 (1.350) Mediolateral radiograph of a 7-year-old Thoroughbred-cross horse showing chronic
entheseopathy of the insertion of the biceps brachii on the supraglenoid tubercle. (1.351) Transverse ultrasonogram
showing enlargement and reduced echogenicity of the lateral lobe of the biceps brachii consistent with tendinitis.

Differential diagnosis Prognosis
Synovial sepsis; scapula fracture; humeral fracture; Prognosis is generally fair, although the condition
scapulohumeral joint disease. can be refractive to treatment with chronic cases.

Diagnosis FURTHER READING
Diagnosis may be suspected from clinical signs. Boswell JC, Schramme MC, Wilson AM, May SA
Intrasynovial analgesia may be required to con- (1999) Radiological study to evaluate suspected
firm the source of the lameness, although in up to scapulohumeral joint dysplasia in Shetland ponies.
20% of horses the bicipital bursa and shoulder joint Equine Vet J 31: 510–514.
communicate. Radiography may reveal modelling Jacklin BD, Wright IM (2012) Frequency distributions
of the supraglenoid tubercle with entheseopathy of of 174 fractures of the distal condyles of the third
the bicep tendon (Fig. 1.350). Ultrasonography is metacarpal and metatarsal bones in 167 Thoroughbred
very helpful in examining the tendon, bursa and the racehorses (1999–2009). Equine Vet J 44:707–713.
surface of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Knox PM, Watkins JP (2006) Proximal interphalangeal joint
arthrodesis using a combination plate-screw technique in
(Fig. 1.351).
53 horses (1994–2003). Equine Vet J 38:538–542.
Kraus BM, Ross MW, Boston RC (2005) Surgical and
Management nonsurgical management of sagittal slab fractures of the
Inflammation of the bursa can be managed through third carpal bone in racehorses: 32 cases (1991–2001).
intrathecal medication (e.g. hyaluranon/corticoste- J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:945–950.
roids). Entheseopathy may respond to extracorporeal Nixon AJ, Schater BL, Pool RR (2004) Exostoses of the
shock-wave therapy. Diagnostic tenoscopy may be caudal perimeter of the radial physis as a cause of carpal
required in protracted cases. synovial sheath tenosynovitis and lameness in horses:
10 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:264–270.