Page 371 - Canine Lameness

References 343

Quadriceps contracture can result secondary to femoral fractures (i.e. quadriceps “tie down” or
“fracture disease”) or because of infectious disease (i.e. “parasitic” quadriceps contracture).
Please refer to Chapter 20 for further details.
Happy Jack Skip (also referred to as “Jack Russell Tick”) is a condition that has not been
described in the peer-reviewed veterinary literature but anecdotally is described as intermit -
tent, non-weight-bearing lameness without an identifiable cause. The condition presents
similarly to a Grade 2 MPL (i.e. a “skipping” pelvic limb lameness); however, the patella is
stable during palpation. It is seen in Jack Russell Terriers but the authors have observed it in
other terriers and small-breed dogs. Proposed reasons for the skipping include dynamic
patellar luxation (e.g. the luxation only occurs during certain maneuvers/muscle contrac-
tures), neurologic disorders (e.g. nerve impingement that may be dynamic), hip pathology, or
a behavioral condition.
Other rare causes of lameness associated with pathology in the stifle region include epiphyseal
dysplasia (Chapter 20 and Figure 20.16), ganglion and synovial cysts (Franklin et al. 2011;
Murata et al. 2014), osteochondromatosis (Smith et al. 2012), synovial hemangioma (Arias et al.
2009), and avulsion of the popliteal muscle (Tanno et al. 1996).

References

Arias, J.I., Torres, C., and Saez, D. (2009). Synovial hemangioma in a dog. Vet Surg 38 (4): 463–466. STIFLE REGION
Baker, L.A. and Muir, P. (2018). Epidemiology of cruciate ligament rupture. In: Advances in the Canine
Cranial Cruciate Ligament (ed. P. Muir), 109–114. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Beer, P., Bockstahler, B., and Schnabl-Feichter, E. (2018). Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial
tuberosity advancement: a systematic review. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 46 (4):
223–235.
Bergh, M.S., Sullivan, C., Ferrell, C.L. et al. (2014). Systematic review of surgical treatments for cranial
cruciate ligament disease in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 50 (5): 315–321.
Bosio, F., Bufalari, A., Peirone, B. et al. (2017). Prevalence, treatment and outcome of patellar luxation
in dogs in Italy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 30 (5): 364–370.
Cabassu, J.P., Ivanoff, S., Haroutunian, G., and Besse, J. (2001). Rupture bilatérale des ligaments
patellaires chez un chien pendant un traitement à l’enrofloxacine. Traitement Revue Méd Vét 152 (7):
523–530.
Campbell, C.A., Horstman, C.L., Mason, D.R., and Evans, R.B. (2010). Severity of patellar luxation and
frequency of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 162 cases (2004–2007). J Am Vet
Med Assoc 236 (8): 887–891.
Comerford, E.J., Smith, K., and Hayashi, K. (2011). Update on the aetiopathogenesis of canine cranial
cruciate ligament disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 24 (2): 91–98.
Dan, M.J., Crowley, J., Broe, D. et al. (2019). Patella tendinopathy zoobiquity: What can we learn from
dogs? Knee 26 (1): 115–123.
Das, S., Thorne, R., Lorenz, N.D. et al. (2014). Patellar ligament rupture in the dog: repair methods and
patient outcomes in 43 cases. Vet Rec 175 (15): 370.
De Rooster, H. and Van Bree, H. (1999a). Popliteal sesamoid displacement associated with cruciate
rupture in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 40 (7): 316–318.
De Rooster, H. and Van Bree, H. (1999b). Radiographic measurement of craniocaudal instability in
stifle joints of clinically normal dogs and dogs with injury of a cranial cruciate ligament. Am J Vet
Res 60 (12): 1567–1570.