Page 376 - Canine Lameness

Table 20.1 Key features for diseases affecting the hip region.

Disease Common signalment Diagnostic test of choice Exam findings Treatment Clinical pearls Terminology
Fractures Any breed or age Radiographs Pain, crepitus, non- Depends on location Acetabular and
(orthogonal views), weight-bearing lameness severely displaced
may need additional fractures of the
views or fluoroscopy to ilium are generally
diagnose slipped treated surgically
capital femoral physis
Coxofemoral Any breed or age; intact, Radiographs Pain, crepitus, Closed or open Anesthetize for Hip Luxation
luxation male dogs predisposed (orthogonal views) non-weight-bearing; reduction closed reduction
(higher risk of trauma) craniodorsal luxation: attempts to relax
appearance of shorter muscles
limb, held with the thigh
adducted rotating the
stifle outward; ventral
luxation: appearance of
longer limb longer,
abducted position with
internal rotation
Juvenile hip Any breed but more Radiographs Pain with range of JPS if diagnosed Normal
dysplasia common in large- and (orthogonal views) and motion, positive before 5 months of Radiographs do not
giant-breeds (German PennHIP; Ortolani Ortolani, muscle atrophy age; Medical r/o disease
Shepherd Dogs, maneuver management for
Newfoundland, osteoarthritis and
Retriever breeds, and pain; total hip
Rottweilers), arthroplasty or
5–12 months of age femoral head and
neck ostectomy
Adult hip Same breeds as juvenile, Radiographs Pain, crepitus, decreased Medical management Most cases respond
dysplasia mature age (orthogonal views) ROM, and muscle for OA; total hip well to medications
atrophy arthroplasty or and rehabilitation;
femoral head and if medical
neck ostectomy management fails,
surgery should be
considered

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