Page 644 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

Chapter
33

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Developmental Orthopedic

Disease of Dogs

Daniel C. Richardson Richard C. Nap
Jürgen Zentek Philip W. Toll
Herman A. W. Hazewinkel Steven C. Zicker

“The beginning is the most important part of the work.”
Plato

The Dance of the Solids nutrition. Canine hip dysplasia and osteochondrosis make up
The Polymers, those giant Molecules the overwhelming majority of the musculoskeletal problems
Like Starch and Polyoxymethylene, with a possible nutrition-related etiology. a
Flesh out, as protein serfs and plastic fools,
This Kingdom with Life’s Stuff. Our time has seen Canine Hip Dysplasia
The synthesis of Polyisoprene Canine hip dysplasia is the most frequently encountered ortho-
And many cross-linked Helixes unknown pedic disease in veterinary medicine with heritability and a
To Robert Hooke; but each primordial Bean potential nutrition-related etiology (Johnson et al, 1994). Ca-
Knew Cellulose by heart. Nature alone nine hip dysplasia is an abnormal development, or growth, of
Of Collagen and Apatite compounded Bone. the hip joint (Figure 33-1) manifested by varying degrees of
John Updike laxity of surrounding soft tissues, instability of the joint and
malformation of the femoral head and acetabulum with osteo-
arthrosis (Brinker et al, 1990). The number of cases of canine
hip dysplasia is estimated to be in the millions worldwide
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE (Corley and Hogan, 1985).
The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders for all dogs at mul- Osteochondrosis
ticenter referral practices has been reported to be approximate- Osteochondrosis is widespread among people and young, rapid-
ly one in four, with 70% of these disorders involving the appen- ly growing,domesticated species.Generally,osteochondrosis is a
dicular skeleton (Johnson et al, 1994; LaFond et al, 2002). disruption in endochondral ossification that results in a focal
Furthermore, the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in lesion (Brinker et al, 1990a). Osteochondrosis occurs in the
dogs less than one year old in all breeds is about 22%, with 20% physis and/or epiphysis of growth cartilage, and may be consid-
a
possibly having a nutrition-related etiology. Developmental ered a generalized or systemic disease. Clinical signs of osteo-
orthopedic disease (DOD) includes a diverse group of muscu- chondrosis are related to the severity and location of disease.
loskeletal disorders that occur in growing animals (most com- When osteochondrosis affects physeal cartilage, it may cause
monly fast-growing, large- and giant-breed dogs whose adult growth abnormalities in long bones such as angular limb
weight will exceed 25 kg) and that are sometimes related to deformities. Osteochondrosis of articular epiphyseal cartilage