Page 1040 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

a. After endoscopy, the child receives
high-humidity air.
b. Observe for signs and symptoms of
airway edema.
3. Prevention
a. Keep small objects, including rubber
balloons, out of reach of small
children.
b. Avoid giving small children small,
round food items.
4. Parent, day care provider, and babysitter education
a. Teach about the hazards of aspiration.
b. Discuss potential situations in which
small items may be aspirated.
c. Teach about the symptoms of
aspiration.
d. Teach how to perform emergency care
measures.

X. Tuberculosis

A. Description
1. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus (see
Chapter 50).
2. Multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis occur
because of child or family noncompliance with
therapeutic regimens.

3. The route of transmission of M. tuberculosis is

through inhalation of droplets from an individual
with active tuberculosis.
4. There is an increased incidence in urban low-income
areas, nonwhite racial or ethnic groups, and first-
generation immigrants from endemic countries.
5. Most children are infected by a family member or by
another individual with whom they have frequent
contact, such as a babysitter.
B. Assessment
1. Child may be asymptomatic or develop symptoms
such as malaise, fever, cough, weight loss, anorexia,
and lymphadenopathy.
2. Specific symptoms related to the site of infection, such
as the lungs, brain, or bone, may be present.
3. With increased time, asymmetrical expansion of the
lungs, decreased breath sounds, crackles, and
dullness to percussion develop.
C. Tuberculin skin test (TST) or Mantoux test (Box 35-8)

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