Page 1086 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

CHAPTER 37

Renal and Genitourinary Problems

http://evolve.elsevier.com/Silvestri/comprehensiveRN/

Priority Concepts
Elimination; Inflammation

I. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
A. Bacterial invasion of the urinary tract from flora from the skin or
gastrointestinal tract
B. Uncircumcised infants are more likely to develop a UTI than a
circumcised infant; see:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477524/
C. Hygiene (wiping from front to back) is important in children to
prevent this problem
D. Children may experience asymptomatic bacteruria, so if there is a
suspicion of infection in the urinary tract, they should be screened
and treated accordingly.
E. See Chapter 54 for additional information.
II. Glomerulonephritis
A. Description
1. Glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney
disorders characterized by inflammatory injury in the
glomerulus, most of which are caused by an
immunological reaction.
2. The disorder results in proliferative and inflammatory
changes within the glomerular structure.
3. Destruction, inflammation, and sclerosis of the
glomeruli of the kidneys occur.
4. Inflammation of the glomeruli results from an antigen-
antibody reaction produced by an infection elsewhere
in the body.
5. Loss of kidney function develops.
B. Causes
1. Immunological diseases
2. Autoimmune diseases

3. Antecedent group A β-hemolytic streptococcal

infection of the pharynx or skin

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