Page 1777 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

electrolytes, increased uric acid levels,
and the excretion of calcium.
c. Loop diuretics are more potent than
thiazide diuretics, causing rapid
diuresis, and thus decreasing vascular
fluid volume, cardiac output, and BP.
d. Used for hypertension, pulmonary
edema, edema associated with heart
failure, hypercalcemia, and renal
disease
e. Use loop diuretics with caution in the
client taking digoxin or lithium and in
the client taking aminoglycosides,
anticoagulants, corticosteroids, or
amphotericin B.

2. Side and adverse effects

a. Hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
b. Thrombocytopenia
c. Hyperuricemia
d. Orthostatic hypotension
e. Rash
f. Ototoxicity and deafness
g. Thiamine deficiency
h. Dehydration

3. Interventions: See section VI, A, 3

(Interventions for thiazide diuretics).
a. Monitor electrolytes, calcium,
magnesium, BUN, creatinine, and uric
acid levels.
b. Administer IV furosemide slowly over
1 to 2 minutes, because hearing loss
can occur if injected rapidly.
C. Osmotic diuretics: See Chapter 59.
D. Potassium-retaining (sparing) diuretics (Box 53-9)

1. Description
a. Potassium-retaining (sparing) diuretics
act on the distal tubule to promote
sodium and water excretion and
potassium retention.
b. Used for edema and hypertension, to
increase urine output, and to treat
fluid retention and overload associated
with heart failure, ascites resulting

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