Page 1779 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

of hyperkalemia.
h. Instruct the client to avoid salt
substitutes because they contain
potassium.
i. Instruct the client to take the medication
with or after meals to decrease
gastrointestinal irritation.
VII. Peripherally Acting α-Adrenergic Blockers (Box 53-10)
A. Description
1. These medications decrease sympathetic
vasoconstriction by reducing the effects of
norepinephrine at peripheral nerve endings, resulting
in vasodilation and decreased BP.
2. These medications are used to maintain renal blood
flow.
3. These medications are used to treat hypertension.
B. Side and adverse effects
1. Orthostatic hypotension
2. Reflex tachycardia
3. Sodium and water retention
4. Edema
5. Weight gain
6. Gastrointestinal disturbances
7. Drowsiness
8. Nasal congestion

C. Interventions

1. Monitor vital signs.
2. Monitor for fluid retention and edema.
3. Instruct the client to change positions slowly to
prevent orthostatic hypotension.
4. Instruct the client in how to monitor the BP.
5. Instruct the client to monitor for edema.
6. Instruct the client to decrease salt intake.
7. Instruct the client to avoid over-the-counter
medications.
VIII. Centrally Acting Sympatholytics (Adrenergic Blockers) (Box 53-11)
A. Description
1. Centrally acting sympatholytics stimulate α-receptors
in the central nervous system to inhibit
vasoconstriction, thus reducing peripheral resistance.
2. Used to treat hypertension
3. Contraindicated in impaired liver function
B. Side and adverse effects
1. Sodium and water retention
2. Edema
3. Drowsiness, dizziness
4. Dry mouth

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