Page 1778 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

from cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome,
and diuretic-induced hypokalemia.
c. Potassium-retaining (sparing) diuretics
are contraindicated in severe kidney or
hepatic disease and in severe
hyperkalemia.
d. Potassium-retaining (sparing) diuretics
should be used with caution in the
client with diabetes mellitus, taking
antihypertensives or lithium, or taking
angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors or potassium supplements,
because hyperkalemia can result.

The primary concern with administering

potassium-retaining (sparing) diuretics is
hyperkalemia.
2. Side and adverse effects

a. Hyperkalemia
b. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
c. Rash
d. Dizziness, weakness
e. Headache
f. Dry mouth
g. Photosensitivity
h. Anemia
i. Thrombocytopenia

3. Interventions

a. Monitor vital signs.
b. Monitor urine output.
c. Monitor for signs and symptoms of
hyperkalemia such as nausea;
diarrhea; abdominal cramps;
tachycardia followed by bradycardia;
tall, peaked T waves on the
electrocardiogram; and oliguria.
d. Monitor for a potassium level greater
than 5.0 mEq/L (5.0 mmol/L), which
indicates hyperkalemia.
e. Instruct the client to avoid foods high in
potassium.
f. Instruct the client to avoid exposure to
direct sunlight.
g. Instruct the client to monitor for signs

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