Page 2033 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

1. Care is directed toward the treatment of symptoms.
2. Monitor respiratory status and institute measures to
prevent aspiration.
3. Provide respiratory treatments.
4. Prepare to initiate respiratory support.
5. Assess for complications of immobility.
6. Address advance directives as appropriate.
7. Provide the client and family with psychosocial
support.
XVIII. Encephalitis
A. Description
1. An inflammation of the brain parenchyma and often
of the meninges.
2. It affects the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum.
3. It most often is caused by a viral agent, although
bacteria, fungi, or parasites also may be involved.
4. Viral encephalitis is almost always preceded by a viral
infection.
B. Transmission
1. Arboviruses can be transmitted to human beings
through the bite of an infected mosquito or tick.
2. Echovirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, herpes zoster
virus, and viruses that cause mumps and chickenpox
are common enteroviruses associated with
encephalitis.
3. Herpes simplex type 1 virus can cause viral
encephalitis.
4. The organism that causes amebic meningoencephalitis
can enter the nasal mucosa of persons swimming in
warm fresh water, such as a pond or lake.
C. Assessment

1. Presence of cold sores, lesions, or ulcerations of the
oral cavity
2. History of insect bites and swimming in fresh water
3. Exposure to infectious diseases
4. Travel to areas where the disease is prevalent
5. Fever
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Nuchal rigidity
8. Changes in level of consciousness and mental status
9. Signs of increased ICP
10. Motor dysfunction and focal neurological deficits
D. Interventions

1. Monitor vital and neurological signs.
2. Assess level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma

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