Page 2205 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

altered taste sensations, circumoral paresthesia, and
hepatitis
6. Nelfinavir: Can cause nausea, flatulence, and diarrhea
7. Ritonavir: Can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
altered taste sensations, circumoral paresthesia,
hepatitis, and increased triglyceride levels
8. Saquinavir: Can cause nausea, diarrhea,
photosensitivity, and headache
9. Tipranavir: Hepatotoxicity (liver damage); can also
cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and
fatigue
J. Integrase inhibitors
1. Stops HIV replication and is used in combination with
other antiretroviral medications
2. Can cause nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, and
itching; hypersensitivity and liver problems
(dolutegravir)

K. Fusion inhibitor: Enfuvirtide can cause skin irritation at

injection site, fatigue, nausea, insomnia, and peripheral
neuropathy.
L. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist: Maraviroc
1. Binds with CCR5 and blocks viral entry
2. Can cause cough, dizziness, pyrexia, rash, abdominal
pain, musculoskeletal symptoms, and upper
respiratory tract infections; liver injury and
cardiovascular events have occurred in some clients.

M. Antiinflammatory and antiinfective medications: Used to

treat opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia; Toxoplasma encephalitis is treated with
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (see Box 63-1).

N. Antifungal medications: Used to treat candidiasis and

cryptococcal meningitis (see Box 63-1)

O. Antiviral medications: Used to treat cytomegalovirus

retinitis, herpes simplex, and varicella-zoster virus (see Box 63-1)

The client with HIV or AIDS is at high risk for the development of opportunistic

infections.
II. Immunosuppressants (Box 63-2)

A. Description: Immunosuppressants are used for transplant
recipients to prevent organ or tissue rejection and to treat

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