Page 358 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

Health Problem: Adult Health: Renal and Urinary: Chronic kidney disease
Priority Concepts: Client Education; Nutrition
Reference: Lewis et al. (2017), p. 1083.

81. Answer: 2

Rationale: Vegans do not consume any animal products. Vitamin B is found in
12
animal products and therefore would most likely be lacking in a vegan diet.
Vitamins A, C, and E are found in fresh fruits and vegetables, which are consumed
in a vegan diet.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, a vegan diet and the vitamin lacking
in this diet. Recalling the food items eaten and restricted in this diet will direct you
to the correct option. Remember that vegans do not consume any animal products
and as a result may be deficient in vitamin B .
12
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Foundations of Care: Therapeutic Diets
Health Problem: N/A
Priority Concepts: Health Promotion; Nutrition
Reference: Lewis et al. (2017), p. 856.

82. Answer: 4

Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables (summer
squash) because they do not contain physiological saline. Highly processed or
refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal) are higher in sodium unless their food
labels specifically state “low sodium.” Saltwater fish and shellfish are high in
sodium.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, foods low in sodium. Begin to answer
this question by eliminating boiled shrimp, recalling that saltwater fish and shellfish
are high in sodium. Next, eliminate tomato soup and instant oatmeal because they
are processed foods.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Foundations of Care: Therapeutic Diets
Health Problem: Adult Health: Cardiovascular: Hypertension
Priority Concepts: Health Promotion; Nutrition
Reference: Lewis et al. (2017), p. 688.

83. Answer: 1, 2, 3

Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are relatively transparent to
light and are clear and liquid at room and body temperature. These foods include
items such as water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy,
lemonade, ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. The incorrect food

358