Page 266 - Girona, de Carlemany al feudalisme (785-1057). El trànsit de la ciutat antiga a l’època medieval (II)

lerated the definition of a new system of government, where counts and bishops ceded
power and public spaces to the secular and ecclesiastical nobility, very much related to
the defence of sections of the city walls. The growing role of the three castles in the city
and the episcopal canonry are the best example of this, and the suburban and urban
fiefs guaranteed the new networks of loyalty.
Saint Felix's of Girona (ninth to eleventh century).An episcopal seat converted into
a canonical abbey. The role of Saint Felix as the episcopal seat outside the city walls
was questioned after the military events at the end of the eighth century, which neces-
sitated the construction of a second episcopal temple within the walls –Saint Mary's–,
which was pre-eminent from the tenth century onwards. At the end of the century, Saint
Felix's finally lost its condition of episcopal seat and acquired that of a canonical abbey,
by means of a complex process of dividing its heritage with Saint Mary's over much of
the eleventh century.
The castilians of Gironella in the eleventh century. The force of a lineage of feudal
counties in Girona (1018-1134). From the beginning of the eleventh century we can
note the emergente of a type of member of the lower nobility that owed his ascent to
his loyalty towards the counts and to the exercise of new vicarial functions in the new
feudal context. From the second half of the century, one of these families benefited from
the domain of the city fortress of Gironella —which would give its narre to the lineage-
and from the many fiefs of fiscal origin around the city.
The Jews of Girona in the Early Middle Ages (ninth to eleventh centuries). The con-
solidation andproblems of a religious minority. The presente of a Jewish community
in Girona is clear from the end of the ninth century, although probably it was already
long established by then. The documentation from the tenth and eleventh centuries
allows us to establish its organization and relationship with the public authorities, but
also indicates the existente of a rather ecclesiastical, anti-Semitic current, and gives some
indications of converted Jews that occupied significant positions in the local community.
The episcopal control of Celrà between the ninth and eleventh centuries. An evolu-
tionary model of fiscal control in the ninth century, becoming an episcopal allodium
in the tenth and feudal castrum in the eleventh. Celrà is a significant example of how
the fiscal or public character of many districte in the ninth century evolved towards pri-
vate or allodial control, once the county lineages had become established and confirmed
their hereditary power at the end of that century. But its transfer into episcopal hands at
the beginning of the tenth century was also significant. This was a new power that could
resist the feudal attacks in the middle of the eleventh century, evolving towards forms
of castral and feudal government from then on.
The noblemen of Fornells in the eleventh century. The formation of secular castral
control in the county of Girona. The birth and the vicissitudes of a castral district in the
first half of the eleventh century and of the lineage that it engendered. From the initial
secular and ecclesiastical allodiums to the castle and its jurisdiction, and the commit-
ments and limitations of its noblemen in relation to the county power, which took place
at the height of the feudal convulsions in the mid-eleventh century.
Parietes Ruffini. The transformations of episcopal control around Girona in the Early
MiddleAges (ninth to eleventh centuries). It deals with the relatively extensive fiscal con-
trol of Charlemagne that was transferred to the Bishop of Girona shortly after the city
was conquered by the Franks. Wc will observe its transformation into an episcopal allo-
dium and the institutional disputes in the tenth century; the territorial fragmentation and
the benefits bestowed on secular and ecclesiastical loyal followers; and the hereditary
division of the district between Saint Mary's and the old seat of Saint Felix's. Finally, feu-