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Unit 19: Biology Part 2 Page 6 of 137

Key Vocabulary

Absorption - Process in which substances are taken up by the blood; after
food is broken down into small nutrient molecules, the molecules are
absorbed by the blood.

Acne- Pimples caused by blocked oil glands.

Aerobic exercises- Types of exercises that cause the heart to beat faster and
allow the muscles to obtain energy to contract by using oxygen.

alveoli – grape-like sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

Anabolic steroids- Hormones that cause the body to build up more protein in
its cells.

Anaerobic exercise- Types of exercises that involve short bursts of high-
intensity activity; forces the muscles to obtain energy to contract without
using oxygen.

Antibody – Chemical that identifies and destroys harmful substances

Artery – Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

asthma – chronic disease caused by an inflammation of the bronchioles

Atherosclerosis – Buildup of plaque in the arteries

Atrioventricular Valve – Valve separating each of the heart’s atria from the
ventricles

Atrium – One of the two chambers at the top of the heart that gets blood
from other parts of the body

Autonomic Nervous System – Part of the motor division of the PNS

controlling involuntary motions

Axon – Part of the neuron that sends impulses to other cells

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