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Unit 19: Biology Part 2 Page 10 of 137

skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the lining of the digestive
system.

Esophagus - The narrow tube that carries food from the throat to the
stomach.

excretion – act of removing waste from the body

excretory system – group of organs that removes waste from the body

exhalation – movement of air out of the body

Extensor - The muscle that contracts to cause a joint to straighten.

external respiration – the process of air entering the body, going to the
lungs and exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide

Fever – Raising of the body temperature above normal

Fixed joints- Joints which do not move. Skull joints, for example.

Flexor- The muscle that contracts to cause a joint to bend.

Food allergy - A condition in which the immune system reacts to harmless
substances in food as though they were harmful.

Fruit - A sweet, fleshy part of a plant which can both be eaten and has at
least one seed.

Fungi – Simple organisms that can have one or more cells

Genetic – Able to be passed on from parents to offspring

Gliding joints- Joint structure that allows one bone to slide over the other;
examples includes the joints in the wrists and ankles.

Grains - Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another
cereal grain is a grain product. Bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals,
tortillas, and grits are examples of grain products.

Hearing – The ability to detect sound

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