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ADULTERY – a crime committed by a married woman
who has sexual intercourse with a man not her
husband and by the man who has carnal
knowledge of her, knowing her to be married, even
if the marriage be subsequently declared void.

ADVANCE WARNING AREA – the first component of
a work zone, upstream of the approach area, used
to alert drivers to road work ahead.

ADVERSARIAL COURT SYSTEM – where the
accused is innocent until proven guilty.

ADVERSARY – an individual, group, organization, or
government that conducts activities or has the
intention and capability to conduct activities
detrimental to the individual, private or
government entity.

AETIOLOGICAL CRISIS – refers to the majority of
post-war criminology was predicated on the basis
that poor social conditions caused crime.

AFFIDAVIT – summary judgment. The kind of
affidavit necessary to support a summary
judgment is that affidavit from which it may be
clearly drawn that certain facts pleaded by either
party are certain, undisputed and indubitable which
dispense with the hearing or trial of the case.

AFFIRM – means to ratify; confirm; resents agenda-
things to be done.

AFFIRMATION – the process in which a witness
acknowledges that he or she understands and

9 | A T O Z I N C R I M I N O L O G Y