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JUDICIAL POWER – the power granted to a court or
                                 judicial tribunal.


                              JUDICIARY  –  that  branch  of  government  which
                                 interprets and applies the laws; may also pertains
                                 to the functions of a judge.


                              JUKE FAMILY – a well-known criminal family studied
                                 by Richard Dugdale.

                              JULIUS CAESAR - During his time, the staff of each
                                 Roman  Legion  includes  ten  “speculators”  who
                                 served  as  an information-collecting  agency.   The
                                 “speculators” were the first intelligence personnel
                                 to  appear  definitely  in  a  military  organization.
                                 Military  success  of  the  Romans  was  aided  by
                                 communication  system.    Made  use  of  carrier
                                 pigeons, which made possible the amazing speed
                                 with  which  intelligence  of  Imperial  Rome  was
                                 transmitted.  He also employed ciphers to ensure
                                 secrecy of communications.

                              JUMPER – a piece of metal or an electrical conductor
                                 used to pass a safety device in an electrical system.


                              JURAT – a certificate stating the time and place of an
                                 affidavit and the person before whom it was sworn


                              JURIDICAL  NOTICE  –  the  power  of  the  court  to
                                 accept as proved certain notorious facts.

                              JURISDICTION  –  the  authority  to  hear  and
                                 determine a cause; as used in the Constitution and
                                 statues means jurisdiction over the subject matter
                                 only, unless an exception arises by reasons of its
                                 employment in a broader sense.


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