Page 173 - Quantitative Data Analysis
P. 173
Quantitative Data Analysis
Simply Explained Using SPSS
1. Means, standard deviations, sums of squares and cross
products, and three r’s.
Means:
∑
̅
∑
̅
∑
̅
Standard deviations:
∑
√ √
∑
√ √
∑
√ √
Sum of Square:
∑ ∑ ∑
Cross Products:
The Theory and Applications of Statistical Inferences 157
