Page 43 - DESIGN & MODELING

Different Views

Typically, an orthographic projection drawing consists of three different views: a front view, a top view, and
a side view. Occasionally, more views are used for clarity. The side view is usually the right side, but if the left
side is used, it is noted in the drawing.

To draw one of the views of an object, use lines to represent changes in depth. For example, consider this
object with its right-side view orthographic projection:

Orthographic projection is a technique used in spatial visualization, which is an essential skill
for engineers in taking an idea that initially only exists in the mind, to something that can be
communicated clearly to other engineers and eventually turned into a product. Orthographic
views are especially helpful for detailing the product/structure designs for manufacturing and
construction. Since orthographic drawings show multiple viewpoints, they are helpful to make
sure that a product or object can be accurately created in accordance with an engineer’s
requirements. While isometric drawings, which provide a three-dimensional view of an object,
can be a convenient means of providing a complete understanding of some objects from a single
drawing, other objects require information from additional viewpoints; in these cases, engineers
use orthographic drawings.

• Correctly identify surfaces in two-dimensional views from given three-dimensional
views.
• Recognize different methods of laying out engineering drawing papers.
• Correctly sketch two-dimensional views from given three-dimensional views.
• Center a multiview drawing on the drawing sheet.
• Students will understand the proper layout methods for the three main views in an
orthographic drawing.

• Students will have the ability to demonstrate the proper methods and techniques for
sketching orthographic projections.

1. Why are orthographic drawings important to engineers?
2. How do orthographic views help engineers to visualize something? (Orthographic views
show the exact shapes and details of an object or structure seen from one side at a time
as you are looking perpendicularly to it. That’s helpful to engineers who are
communicating their designs to other people for accurate manufacturing or construction.)
3. When might an engineer choose to use orthographic drawings instead of—or in addition
to—a single isometric drawing? (Sometimes a single isometric drawing can provide a

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