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GLOSSARY
Vein - is a blood vessel through which blood flows in the direction from organs
and tissues to the heart. Venous blood flow is provided by other factors than arterial.
The movement of blood through the veins is affected by negative pressure in the chest
cavity during inspiration, the suction effect of the atria in the diastole phase,
contractions of skeletal muscles, gravity for the veins located above the heart.
Hypothalamus (hypothalamus) - the ventral part of the intermediate brain, forms
the bottom of the III ventricle. The hypothalamus includes a visual intersection, a gray
hillock that continues into a funnel that connects to the pituitary gland, as well as
papillary bodies located behind the gray hillock.
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) - is an internal secretion gland. It is located at
the base of the brain, hanging on a leg into the pituitary fossa of the Turkish saddle of
the sphenoid bone. The pituitary gland has a rounded shape, dimensions 1.5x0.7 cm,
weight up to 0.5 g. It distinguishes the anterior (large) and posterior (smaller) lobes,
between which there is an intermediate part.
Pharynx (pharynx) is a hollow fibro muscular organ 13-14 cm long, attached at
the top to the base of the skull. At the bottom of the pharynx continues into the
esophagus. The respiratory and digestive tracts intersect in the pharynx.
The sternum (sternum) - is the median bone of the thorax, has a handle, body and
xiphoid process.
The diaphragm - is the main respiratory muscle, which flattens during
contraction, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and contributing to inspiration,
and takes a spherical convex shape when exhaling, separating the thoracic cavity from
the abdominal cavity.
The stomach (ventriculus s. gaster) - is an expanded part of the digestive tube, in
which the mechanical processing of food and the chemical effect of gastric juice
(contains hydrochloric acid, pepsin and other enzymes) takes place.
Teeth (dentes) - are modified and highly specialized papillae of the mucous
membrane, consisting of very hard tissue; they are located in the alveoli of the upper
and lower jaws.
A capillary (vas capillare) - is the smallest vessel in the circulatory and lymphatic
systems with a diameter of 2.5-30 microns. Blood capillaries carry out the main
metabolic processes between blood and tissues in a large circle of blood circulation,
and between blood and air - in a small one.
Duodenum (duodenum) - is the first part of the small intestine, starting from the
stomach, about 30 cm long. The shape of the intestine is horseshoe-shaped, its concave
part fuses with the pancreas, the convex part faces to the right.
The rectum - is the final part of the digestive tube. It is located in the pelvis, its
upper border passes at the level of the cape, the lower one is the anal canal ending in
the anus.
The blind gut (saesim) - is the initial, expanded section of the colon 5-8 cm long,
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