Page 330 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Landownership Tenancy, and ...

% of all households with some income
from :
AGRICULTURE
- Farming 41.9 90.6 91.5 93.7 82.2 73.4
- Farm laboring 68.9 47.8 41.0 37.6 21.5 52.4
NON AGRICULTURE
- Household industry 6.8 24.6 20.7 18.6 9.7 16.2
- Construction 10.8 10.7 7.8 7.1 2.2 9.5
- Transport 11.4 4.6 8.2 12.1 13.8 8.9
- Trade 24.6 32.8 29.3 33.6 16.1 28.4
- With collar 5.8 5.0 5.5 8.6 16.1 6.3
- Other 3) 17.1 8.0 8.2 6.4 3.2 10.9
Sub Total non agric. 4) 62.7 66.7 63.7 65.7 50.6 63.8
1) Three major sources only
2)Excludes families depending entirely on non wage income
3)Manufacturing labor and service activities (non white collar)
4)Sum of non agric. activities is greater than sub total since some house-
holds have more than one activity outside agriculture.

There were, nevertheless some quite large interclass dif-
ferences in the kind of non agricultural activities undertaken.
Landless households were more prone to seek wage labor em-
ployment in construction, transport (mainly becak driving),
services and manufacturing labor compared with the other
groups, although quite a significant proportion of landless (25
percent) were also engaged in trade. Smaller and medium land
owning groups were relatively more concentrated in house-
hold industry (still mainly an upland activity) and petty trade,
whereas the larger owning groups as entrepreneur in transport
(12–14 percent) and especially among the largest landowning
class, in professional and white collar occupations.
The special role of the trade sector in non agricultural
income sources is worthy of further examination. In all sawah
owning classes this was the dominant non agricultural family
income source. Nevertheless, one would expect the types of

activity undertaken by landless to differ from sawah owners,

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