Page 325 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Ranah Studi Agraria

E. Sawah Ownership, Tenancy and Employment Structure
In the previous two sections we have looked in some detail
at the structure of sawah ownership and its relationship to eco-
nomic status and examine the tenancy market, differentiating
between ownership and cultivation classes. Although variations
in access to sawah land appears to be quite closely related to
economic status, there were enough expectations to suggest
that tenancy status and, perhaps more important, source of
non agricultural income have a significant influence on house-
holds income among the various sawah ownership groups.
With the expectations of a few villages, the tenancy mar-

ket was clearly a busy one. Perhaps the most interesting as-
pect of this market was the relatively high proportion of sawah
owning families in all classes involved in the market. As one
would expect, a higher proportion of larger owners tended to
lease land out, but even in the high tenancy villages many did
not do so, and a small proportion were involved on the other
side of the market. On the other hand, many of the smaller
owners also leased land out, a significant proportion opera-
ting no sawah land. Quite a high proportion of landless in three
of the four lowland villages were involved in tenancy con-
tracts, a pattern which did not emerge in the upland despite
quite high levels of landlessness in several villages.
In this section we will examine the extent to which
ownership of sawah land and tenancy status are related to
sources of family income. Smaller, poorer sawah owning fami-
lies might be expected to be pushed into farm laboring and
wage labor activities outside agriculture in order to meet ba-
sic family needs whereas larger owners more likely to be mainly

256