Page 51 - IPCoSME 2021

1 INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
st
(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-06

MAGNETIC EFFERVESCENT TABLET-ASSISTED IONIC LIQUID DISPERSIVE
LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION USE FOR PRE-CONCENTRATION OF

MULTI PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS FROM WATER WITH THE AID OF

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY

1
SARVEISHWHARY RAJENDRAN , SAW HONG LOH ,
1
1
MARINAH MOHD ARIFFIN , WAN MOHD AFIQ WAN MOHD KHALIK* 1

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: wan.afiq@umt.edu.my

Abstract: A simple, rapid, effective and eco-friendly method based on magnetic effervescent
tablet-assisted ionic dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance
liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis was developed for the
simultaneous determination of multi pharmaceutical drugs. Drugs namely atenolol, lovastatin,
metoprolol, gliclazide, nifedipine, metformin, caffeine and acetaminophen were chosen as
model analytes. The objective of this research work to formulate and characterize the
effervescent tablet properties, construct an optimum condition for microextraction procedure
and evaluate the greenness profile of the proposed method. In the procedure, an effervescent
tablet containing CO2 sources (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid), ionic liquid
([BMIM][PF6]), glycerine (binder) and iron oxide nanoparticles was prepared using a wet
granulation method. The tablet properties were evaluated through physical and chemical
characterisation includes scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron
microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Seven parameters influencing the
microextraction efficiency, such as weight of tablet (1-2 g), number of effervescent tablets (1-
2 pieces), volume of ionic liquid (100-500 µL), pH of sample solution (5-9), effect of
temperature (15-75 ˚C), solidification time (3-15 minutes) and volume of diluent solvent (250-
5
7
1250 µL) were screened and optimised using 2 -Placket-Burman design and 2 -central
composite design, respectively. Under optimised conditions, highest extraction recovery
obtained when setting the weight of tablet (1 g), number of tablets (2 pieces), volume of ionic
liquid (500 µL), pH (9), temperature (45 ˚C), solidification time (7.5 minutes) and volume of
reconstituting solvent (750 µL) were fixed throughout experimental works. The analytical eco-
scale and green analytical procedure index, GAPI confirmed the greenness of the method
through a calculated score of 88 and has 6 green criteria, respectively.

Keywords: effervescent tablet, ionic liquid, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,
pharmaceutically active compounds

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