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n How can we reduce the gap between spending and collecting?
                – Can we use our creditors’ money for a little longer without
                    damaging our creditworthiness?
                – Can we sell and make rather than make and sell?
                – How can we maintain service levels by reducing stocks and
                    inventories?

            n What level of service do our customers really want?
                – Are we offering far more than the market wants or expects?

            n Are those customers who demand the highest levels of service
                worth the cost of serving them?

            n How do we stack up against the competition?

     Profit and loss

       A brief reminder if I may: profit is an essential prerequisite to staying in
       business. It should not be over-exploited at the risk of destroying competi-
       tiveness, but the businessperson should always be considering how to
       make more money without hurting the potential of the business. Produc-
       tivity is vital to business and national economic success. By making
       more to sell at lower cost, profits can be increased. Profits provide not
       only the “wages” of the providers of capital, they create the reserves
       that fund future growth. Profits keep people in jobs, provide for our retire-
       ment and help to swell the national treasure chest to provide public
       services.

            n How can we increase profits without increasing the prices to our
                customers?
                – How can we reduce the cost of making our product or of
                    delivering our service?
                – How can we increase productivity?
                – How can we reduce the cost of making the sale?

            n Should we consider something new such as affinity marketing?
                (See my Big Book of E-Commerce Answers for details.)

            n Should we reconsider our pricing policy?
            n How do we ensure the loyalty of our worthwhile customers?
            n How do we make our valued customers into advocates for our

                business?
            n How do we win the most worthwhile customers from our

                competitors?
            n How do we build customer loyalty? (Research by Bain and

                Company clearly shows that the loyal customer is the most

134 Key management questions
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