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experience	 in	 life	 is	 unique.	 Anytime	 that	 we	 apply	 the	 apparent	 lessons	 of	 one
experience	 to	 another	 one,	 we	 tend	 to	 assume	 that	 the	 two	 experiences	 are
essentially	identical.

   They	never	are.
   Don’t	 look	 to	 experts	 for	 all	 your	 answers.	 There	 a	 re	 no	 answers,	 only
informed	opinions.

The	Fallacy	of	Authority

	

Chances	are,	your	organization	runs	on	the	Alpha	Principle.	Ideas	do	not	follow
the	good	thinking	in	an	organization;	ideas	follow	the	power.

   Most	organizations	work	like	the	groups	of	apes	from	which	we	evolved.	The
alphas	dictate	what	the	group	does	and	thinks.

   But	 are	 alphas	 better	 at	 decision	 making?	 Not	 necessarily.	 Alphas	 are	 just
better	at	getting	and	keeping	power.	In	most	organizations,	in	fact,	alphas	are	the
people	who	just	look	and	sound	like	they	should	have	 the	power	(a	conclusion
suggested	 by	 several	 studies	 that	 show	 that	 height,	 not	 business	 school
performance,	is	the	strongest	predictor	of	an	MBA’s	starting	salary).

   If	your	smart	people	don’t	kill	your	ideas,	chances	are	the	alphas	will.
   If	 you’re	 an	 alpha,	 learn	 to	 shut	 up.	 Imitate	 Ben	 Taylor,	 the	 alpha	 who	 runs
the	 Executrain	 franchise	 in	 Minnesota,	 often	 the	 most	 successful	 of	 America’s
very	 successful	 Executrain	 franchises.	 When	 asked	 to	 explain	 his	 success,
Taylor’s	first	response	is	“I	listen.”
   The	bumper	stickers	are	right:	Question	Authority.	Question	alphas.

The	Fallacy	of	Common	Sense

	

A	 client	 once	 told	 me	 that	 “doing	 a	 marketing	 plan	 is	 simple.	 It’s	 just	 common
sense.”

   Unfortunately,	common	sense	is	not	that	common.*	What	seems	common,	in
fact,	is	people	acting	contrary	to	their	own	experience—recall	again	those	people
who	 accepted	 VALs	 in	 the	 1980s.	 Or	 worse,	 people	 act	 against	 their	 obvious
self-interest—a	 human	 habit	 that	 inspired	 an	 entire	 book,	 The	 Marc	 h	 of	 Folly,
by	historian	Barbara	Tuchman.	As	famous	examples,	Tuchman	cites	Montezuma
surrendering	 to	 an	 Aztec	 army	 the	 size	 of	 your	 high	 school	 PE	 class,	 and	 the
Trojans	deciding,	“Hey,	the	Greeks	left	this	huge	horse	behind.	Let’s	haul	it	back
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