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into	our	city.”
   My	client’s	faith	in	common	sense	was	misplaced	for	another	reason.	He	was

right	 in	 thinking	 that	 most	 people	 possess	 enough	 common	 sense	 to	 draw	 a
logical	 conclusion	 from	 a	 premise.	 But	 in	 planning,	 people	 do	 not	 stumble	 in
reaching	conclusions.	They	err	in	establishing	their	premises.

   Take	Burger	King’s	stumble,	for	example.
   For	years,	Burger	King	operated	from	these	premises:	“(a)	People	come	to	us
for	 food,	 and	 (b)	 Most	 people	 prefer	 the	 taste	 of	 flame-broiled	 burgers.”	 From
those	 premises,	 Burger	 King	 executives	 reached	 this	 commonsense	 conclusion:
“Therefore,	we	should	stress	our	flame-broiled	burgers	as	the	reason	to	switch	to
us.”
   Irrefutable	 logic—but	 premise	 (a)	 was	 all	 wrong.	 People	 do	 not	 go	 to	 fast-
food	 restaurants	 to	 satisfy	 a	 desire	 for	 something	 delicious.	 They	 go	 for
something	 fast,	 cheap,	 and	 palatable	 that	 satisfies	 their	 hunger.	 Burger	 King
displayed	good	common	sense,	but	it	cost	them	millions—because	their	premise
was	all	wrong.
   Whenever	 it	 does	 show	 up,	 common	 sense	 helps	 in	 any	 discipline.	 (My
surgeon	 father	 said	 that	 90	 percent	 of	 orthopedic	 surgery	 is	 common	 sense.
Woody	Allen	hinted	at	the	same	thing	when	he	said	that	90	percent	of	success	is
showing	 up.)	 Basically,	 marketing	 planning	 involves	 a	 finite	 number	 of	 broad
strategies—create	genuine	distinction,	lead	on	price,	seize	an	untapped	niche	and
migrate,	 and	 some	 others—from	 which	 some	 common	 sense	 will	 certainly	 help
you	choose.	The	hard	and	critical	part	comes	next.
   How	do	you	execute	that	strategy?	How	do	you	fill	a	niche’s	needs?	How	do
you	 create	 uniqueness?	 How	 do	 you	 interest	 and	 convert	 prospects?	 Better	 yet,
how	do	you	interest	and	convert	your	own	people?
   How	do	you	succeed?
   In	 this	 realm,	 the	 realm	 of	 tactics,	 your	 options	 are	 infinite.	 This	 makes
common	sense	virtually	irrelevant.	At	this	stage,	common	sense	is	a	shield	rather
than	a	sword.	It	can	protect	you,	but	it	cannot	fight	the	battle.
   Common	sense	did	not	inspire	the	great	marketing	innovations	of	this	century
—the	L.L.	Bean	boot,	personal	computer,	overnight	delivery,	or	any	other.	Leaps
of	imagination	created	them.
   Common	 sense	 will	 only	 get	 you	 so	 fa	 r.For	 inspiring	 results,	 you’ll	 need
inspiration.

The	Fallacy	of	Fate
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