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4. Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable nouns can be quantified and have both singular and
plural forms. For example: book/books, apple/apples.
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted or pluralized. They represent
substances, concepts, or qualities. For example: water, happiness,
knowledge.
5. Possessive and Reflexive Nouns
A possessive noun indicates ownership or possession of something.
It shows that a particular noun "possesses" or has control or
ownership over another noun. Possessive nouns are formed by
adding an apostrophe ('s) after the noun, or just an apostrophe (')
after plural nouns ending in -s.
For example:
-John's car (The car belongs to John)
-The cat's tail (The tail belongs to the cat)
-The students' books (The books belong to the students)
In these examples, the possessive nouns "John's," "cat's," and
"students'" indicate ownership or possession.
A reflexive noun refers to a noun that reflects or refers back to the
subject of the sentence. It emphasizes that the subject of the
sentence is also the object of the action.
For example:
-She hurt herself while playing.
-He congratulated himself on the achievement.
-They are teaching themselves how to play the guitar.
In these sentences, the reflexive nouns "herself," "himself," and
"themselves" reflect or refer back to the subjects ("she," "he," "they")
of the sentences. They show that the subjects are also the objects of
the actions described in the sentences. Reflexive pronouns are
formed by adding "-self" or "-selves" to certain pronouns, such as
"her" → "herself," "him" → "himself," "they" → "themselves," etc.
Nouns are essential for constructing meaningful sentences and expressing
ideas clearly. They provide the foundation for communicating and referring
to people, places, things, and abstract concepts in the English language.

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