Page 6 - UKBM SAS ING KELAS XI KD 3.2

d. Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is a form of the verb that shows the action or state was complete before
some time in the past. The used conjunctions are “before” and “after”.

Pattern:

(+) Subject + had + Verb 3
(-) Subject + had not + Verb 3
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + ?
(?) Wh... / How... had + Subject + Verb 3 + ?

Examples :
1. (+) My brother had slept before you called me last night.
(-) My brother had not slept before you called me last night.
(?) Had my brother slept before you called me last night?
(?) Why Had my brother slept before you called me last night?

(+) Subject + had + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
(-) Subject + had not + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
(?) Had + Subject + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb ?
(?) Wh... / How... had + Subject + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?

2. (+) After the students had been in the classroom, the teacher came.
(-) After the students had not been in the classroom, the teacher came.
(?) Had the students been in the classroom before the teacher came?
(?) What time had the students been in the classroom before the teacher came?

3. The judges had decided the winner before the participants complained.
4. Why had the students been noisy before the teacher came?
5. After the woman had cried, the man granted her wish.

e. study this text to know well how to apply past perfect tense and simple past tense.

Where had I gone? What had I done? What had I seen?

I had never seen such beautiful sights before I visited Paris in 2012. I had saved money for 5
years before I booked my trip to Paris. I was very excited! Before my trip to Paris, I had never
been out of the United States.
When I went to Paris, I spent many days touring the city. The city was big. Sometimes I got
lost and asked for directions. I asked for directions in French. That was easy because I had
studied French for 2 years before I visited Paris.

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