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4. Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Program monitoring and evaluation has something to do with the examination of the
various program components or elements to determine as objectively as possible the
relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the R&D programs in the context of the program
objectives. Several approaches towards this end include the evaluation of the University
Directors, colleagues and peers, clients and external evaluators.
Of the very interesting elements of evaluation in the R&D programs are the intermediate
impacts of results in terms of the project goals and objectives which are reflective of the
performances of the R&D program/project faculty, staff and other support personnel.
5. External Environment
As in the case of other development programs, the R&D programs do not operate in a
vacuum or is it limited to the academic environment, or to ecological ones, or to politico-
administrative factors; instead it combines these and other factors which it seeks to influence
and which influence it. These set of factors is termed the “R&D program environment.”
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