Page 2 - Menora N4 - 2021

2 menora aprili (iari) №4, 2021 w.

ebraelebi saqarTveloSi:

istoriul-demografiuli narkvevi

revaz gaCeCilaZe
(gagrZeleba. dasawyisi ix. `m~ #3)
ma (28 adamianis garda), aseTad TiTqmis mTlianad cxovrobdnen
ebrauli mosaxleoba sabWoTa daasaxela qarTuli. am Temis centralur sofelSi, sa-
saqarTveloSi aSkenaz ebraelebSi viTare- kuTriv kulaSSi. kulaSma mogvi-
ba ufro Wreli aRmoCnda: maTi anebiT oficialurad miiRo dabis
1926 w. sabWoTa kavSirSi Cat- 41,5% deda-enad miiCnevda „Ta- (qalaqis tipis dasaxlebis) sta-
arda mosaxleobis pirveli say- visi erovnebis enas” (idiSs), 53,2% tusi.
ovelTao aRwera, romlis ma- – rusuls, 3% – qarTuls, xolo ebraelebis sagrZnobi raode-
salebi saqarTvelos ssr-is 2,3% –sxva enas, an saerTod ar noba1926 wels cxovrobda Se-
Sesaxeb gamoqveynda TbilisSi1929 uTiTebda deda-enas. darebiT msxvil sasoflo Temeb-
w.[mosaxleobis sruliad sakav- wera-kiTxvis codnis done Si – banZaSi- 677, qarelSi - 784,
Siro aRwera 1926 wlis. saqarT- 1926w. maRali hqondaT aSkenaz lailaSSi - 533, sujunaSi-499, van- ricxovnobis zrdas daaxloe-
velos socialisturi sabWoTa re- ebraelebs: maTi 73,6% wignieri Si-412. biT 28 procentiT (wliurad sa-
spublika. ganyofileba I. erovneba iyo. qarTvel ebraelebs Sedar- * * * Sualod 1,9 procenti). Sedarebi-
- deda ena - wlovaneba - wera-kiTx- ebiT dabali maCvenebeli aRmo- mosaxleobis momdevno aR- saTvis: imave periodSi eTnikuri
vis codna. a.k.s.f.s.r. statisti- aCndaT – 32,4%-ma icoda wera- werebi sabWoTa kavSirSi 1926 qarTvelebis ricxovnobam saqa-
kis centraluri sammarTvelos kiTxva (mamakacebs Soris – 38, wlisaze bevrad uaresad tar- rTveloSi sul 21,5 procentiT
gamomcemloba. tfilisi, 1929]. qalebSi – 27%-ma). wera-kiTxvis deboda: maT aklda detal- moimata.
rogorc mogvianebiT gairkva, codnis done yvelaze dabali iyo izacia.1937 wels Catarebuli SeniSvna: cxrilis mesame svet-
yvelaze kargad mosaxleobis Sua aziel(buxarel) ebraelebSi mosaxleobis aRweris masalebi Si v. konstantinovs qarTveli
aRwera sabWoTa kavSirSi Cat- (21,1%). saerTod gauqmda[Поляков Ю.А., В.Б. ebraelebis ricxovnoba mocemuli
arebula swored1926 w. am aR- ebraelebis gansaxleba Жиромская, И.Н. Киселев. Полстолетия aqvs mTeli sabWoTa kavSirisaT-
weris gamoqveynebuli masalebi naCvenebia cxril 3-Si, sadac maz- безмолвия (Всесоюзная Перепись vis, rac 1970 wlamde exeboda mx-
SesaZleblobas iZleva dadgindes rebi, qalaqebi, dabebi da Temebi населения 1937 г.).Социологические olod saqarTvelos ssr-s, radgan
eTnikuri jgufebis gansaxleba moyvanilia 1920-ian wlebSi saqa- исследования, №7, 1990, gv. 50-70] , maTi absoluturi umravlesoba
sasoflo Temebis donezec ki. rTvelos ssr-Si arsebuli admin- 1939 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris iq cxovrobda. momdevno wlebSi
saqarTvelos ssr-Si1926 w. istraciul-teritoriuli dayo- masalebi mxolod nawilobriv sagrZnobi gaxda maTi gasvla saqa-
cxovrobda sul 2 666 494 adamiani. fis Sesabamisad. Temi moicavda gamoqveynda. omis Semdgomi aR- rTvelodan sabWoTakavSiris sxva
moskovSi SemuSavebuli er- ramdenime axlomdebare sofels. werebis (1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 ww.) respublikebSi da sazRvargareT.
Tiani meTodikiT mTel ka- 1926w. saqarTvelos aTiode maz- monacemebi,zogierT SemTxvevaSi, II msoflio omis periodSi ev-
vSirSi aRiricxeboda 190 ris mosaxleobis eTnikur struq- erTmaneTTan Sedarebis saSuale- ropeli ebraelebis katastro-
„xalxi”(rusulad – народность). turaSi ebraeloba ar aRricxula. basac ki ar iZleva. ebraelebis fa (holokosti) saqarTveloSi
Tanamedrove terminologiiT, es aRweris gamoqveynebuli ma- ricxovnoba gamoqveynebul ma- mcxovreb ebraelebs ar Seexo,
„xalxebi” iyvnen“ eTnikuri da sub- salebis mixedviT, afxazeTsa da salebSi umeteswilad mocemu- magram iribi gavlena iqonia maT
eTnikuri jgufebi”, maT Soris iyo aWaraSi mcxovrebi ebraelebis um- lia subeTnikuri dayofis gareSe ricxovnobaze da struqturaze.
eqvsi ebrauli subeTnosi (rusu- ravlesoba aSkenazi iyo (TiTqmis (saqarTvelos ssr-is gamoqvey- nacistebis mier droebiT oku-
lad: евреи; евреи грузинские; евреи yvela maTgani cxovrobda soxumsa nebul masalebSi ebraelebs Soris pirebuli evropuli sabWoTa kav-
крымские; евреи среднеазиатские; da baTumSi). samxreT oseTSi abso- xandaxan gamoyofdnen qarTvel Siris teritoriebidan ltolvil
караимы; евреи горские). luturi umravlesoba qarTveli ebraelebs). da kavkasiaSi evakuirebul mo-
sabWoTa periodis arcerTi aR- ebraeli iyo; yvela maTgani q. cx- demografma viaCeslav konstan- saxleobaSi mravlad iyvnen aSke-
weris dros ar dasmula kiTxva invalSi cxovrobda. tinovma 2007 wels ierusalimSi nazi ebraelebic. maTi umeteso-
adamianis religiuri kuTvnilebis 1926w. saqarTvelos ebraelo- rusul enaze gamoaqveyna gamokv- ba omis Semdeg dabrunda Zveli
Sesaxeb. amitomac ebraelebis bis 72,9 procenti urbanizebuli leva yofili sabWoTa kavSiris gansaxlebis adgilebze, nawili ki
ricxovnobis dadgena rogorc iyo, rac mkveTrad aRemateboda ebrauli mosaxleobis Sesaxeb . saqarTveloSi darCa.
1926 wlis, ise yvela momdevno, imdroindeli saqarTvelos ur- mravali pirdapiri da iribi wy- omis Semdgom periodSi ebrau-
aRweris masalebSi SesaZlebelia banizaciis dones (22 procenti). aros gamoyenebiT, man Seqmna met- li mosaxleobis ricxovnobis
mxolod miTiTebuli erovnebis ebrauli mosaxleobis TiTqmis naklebad sando statistikuri zrda saqarTveloSi jer Senelda
mixedviT. naxevari (49,4 procenti) koncen- cxrilebi. 1939-1989 wlebis dro- da SemdgomSi kleba daiwyo. 1959
saqarTveloSi 1926 w. aRiricxa trirebuli iyo did qalaqebSi indeli sabWoTa da 1991 wlidan wels ebraelTa ricxovnobam 51,6
ebraelTa eqvsive subeTnosis war- – TbilisSi (yvela ebraelis 29,4 damoukidebeli saqarTvelos aTasi Seadgina, xolo maqsimum _
momadgenlebi: 20897 adamiani iyo procenti), quTaissa (16,3 pro- ebraelobis demografiuli maxa- 55,4 aTass miaRwia 1970 wlis ian-
qarTveli ebraeli, 9262 – ebraeli centi) da baTumSi (3,7 procenti). siaTeblebis analizisas winamde- vrisaTvis, rodesac sabWoTa kav-
(igulisxmebian aSkenazi ebraele- imdroindel saSualo da patara bare statiis msjeloba didwilad SirSi Catarda mosaxleobis mori-
bi), 176 – yirimeli ebraeli, 145 – qalaqebSi (soxumi, foTi, gori, eyrdnoba (Tumca, mTlianad ara)am gi aRwera.
Sua azieli ebraeli, 98 – yaraimi axalcixe, Telavi, cxinvali, wignSi moyvanil statistikur in- 1970w. ebraelebma Seadgines
da 54 – mTieli ebraeli. luqsemburgi, oni, senaki, surami, formacias. saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleobis
1926w. eqvsive subeTnosis borjomi) cxovrobda ebraelobis zogierT SemTxvevaSi v. konstan- 1,2 procenti. im droisaTvis ukve
ebraelTa ricxovnobam jamSi 23,5 procenti. tinovis wyaroebs erTgvari uzus- dawyebuli iyo “didi alia” (ix.
Seadgina 30632 adamiani, anu saqa- zogierT patara qalaqSi toba axlda da monacemebi kore- qvemoT) da momdevno aRwerebis
rTvelos mTeli mosaxleobis 1,15 ebraelebi mosaxleobis sagrZnob qtirebas moiTxovda. magaliTad, dros saqarTveloSi sul ufro
procenti, xolo calke qarTvel- nawils Seadgendnen. magaliTad, 1939 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris naklebi ebraeli aRiricxeboda.
ma ebraelebma – 0,78 procenti. q.onis 2932 mcxovrebidan 40,1 masalebi ar iZleoda ebraelebis sabWoTa periodis ukanaskneli,
qarTveli ebraelebi saqarT- procenti ebraeli iyo. q. cxinva- dayofas subeTnikur jgufebad, 1989 w, mosaxleobis aRweris ma-
velos yvela ebraelis 68,2 pro- lis 5818 mcxovrebidan 30,0 pro- magram im wlisaTvis miTiTebuli salebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos
cents Seadgendnen. es monacemi centi qarTveli ebraeli iyo (iqve qarTveli ebraelebis ricxovno- ssr-Si 24,8 aTasi ebraeli cxov-
miuTiTebs 1897w. mosaxleobis eTnikuri qarTvelebi Seadgend- bas konstantinovi gansazRvrav- robda, anu mTeli mosaxleobis 0,5
aRweris uzustobaze, rodesac nen 33 procents, qarTulenovani da, rogorc 32 aTass. procenti.
qarTveli ebraelebis ricxovnoba somxebi – 17,3 procents, xolo es ricxobrivi Sefaseba aSkarad sabWoTa kavSirSi mcxovrebi
aSkenazize naklebi aRmoCnda. osebi – 19,8 procents). mcdaria: 13 wlis ganmavlobaSi qa- mTeli ebraelobis bunebrivi
1897-1926 wlebSi saqarTvelos ebraelobis 27,1 procenti rTveli ebraelebis ricxovnobis matebis tempi mcirdeboda. v.
mTeli ebraelobis saSualo wli- sasoflo mosaxleobas warmoad- 50 procentiT zrda (1926 wlis 21 konstantinovis gamoTvliT, ro-
uri matebis tempma 1,8% Seadgina, genda. maTi absoluturi umrav- aTasidan 1939 wlis 32 aTasamde) melic iyenebda e.w. “brutona-
rac sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia. lesoba qarTulenovani iyo. fizikurad SeuZlebeli iqneboda. mats” (ebraeli dedebis mier gaCe-
ebrauli mosaxleoba matulobda sofladac ebraelebi sacxovre- qarTvel ebraelTa Semosvla sxva nil yvela bavSvs, mamis erovnebis
rogorc bunebrivi, ise meqanikuri blad amjobinebdnen SedarebiT respublikebidan ki ver moxdebo- miuxedavad), 1926 wels bunebrivi
moZraobis xarjze. es ukanaskneli msxvil dasaxlebul punqts (Cveu- da, radgan im dros TiTqmis yvela namati Seadgenda 15,3 promiles
gulisxmobda aSkenazi ebraelebis lebriv, sasoflo Temis centrs), maTgani saqarTveloSive cxov- (anu yovel aTi aTas adamians
Semodinebas sabWoTa kavSiris ev- romelic sasoflo-sameurneo robda. saSualod 153 emateboda),1959
ropuli nawilidan. 1926w. saqa- funqciis garda, savaWro-momsax- Cveni varaudia, rom qarTveli wels ki 3,0 promiles. 1970-iani
rTveloSi aSkenazi ebraelebis urebis funqciasac asrulebda. ebraelebis ricxovnoba 1939 wels wlebidan sabWoeTis ebraelobis
yvelaze didi Tavmoyra aRiniSna magaliTad, kulaSis didi saso- 27aTass ver gadascdeboda da es matebis tempi uaryofiTi maCvene-
q. TbilisSi, Semdeg – q. baTumSi. flo Temis 9508 adamianidan 25,3 maCvenebeli Setanilia cxril bliT Seicvala da 1989 wlis mo-
rac Seexeba deda enas 1926w. qa- procents ebraelebi Seadgendnen 4-Si. aseTi raodenobrivi daSveba saxleobis aRweris mixedviT -14,0
rTveli ebraelebis 99,9 procent- (sul 2407 adamiani), romlebic gvaZlevs 1926-1939 wlebSi maTi promilemde davida, anu kvdeboda