Page 3 - Menora N4 - 2021

menora 3

aprili (iari) №4, 2021 w.

cxrili 3 cxrili 4 экономическая политика, “nep“), ro-
melic kerZo mewarmeobisa da vaW-
ebrauli mosaxleoba 1926 w. mosaxleobis aRwer- saqarTvelos ebrauli mosaxleobis robis garkveul uflebas iZleo-
is mixedviT dinamika 1926-1989 wlebSi (aTasebSi) da.
saqarTvelos ssr avtonomiur erTeulebSi, maz- 1928 wels “nep”-is gauqmebis Sem-
rebSi, qalaqebsa (q.), deg ebraelebma iseve ganicades
dabebsa (d.) da sasoflo TemebSi totalitaruli xelisuflebis
wnexis gaZliereba, rogorc sxva
eTnikurma jgufebma. moxda maTi
kerZo sakuTrebis (sawarmoebi,
saxelosnoebi, duqnebi, saxlebi)
nacionalizacia. 1920-iani wlebis
bolos dawyebuli daCqarebuli
koleqtivizacia _ kolmeurneo-
bebSi Zaladobrivi gaerTianeba,
miwis, sasoflo-sameurneo in-
meti, vidre ibadeboda. ventaris, pirutyvis iZulebiTi
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos ebraelebis yvela nacionalizacia _ saqarTvelos
subeTnikur jgufs, 1959 w. maTi qalebis “bru- ebraelobis SedarebiT mcire
to-Sobadoba”(mamis erovnebis miuxedavad) iyo nawils Seexo: rogorc zemoT
23,4 promile, rac orjer aWarbebda sakavSiro aRiniSna, maTi sami meoTxedi qa-
maCvenebels yvela ebraelisaTvis (12,3). 1959 laqebSi cxovrobda da ara sof-
w. saqarTveloSi ebraelobis bunebrivi namati lebSi.
Seadgenda 14,2 promiles, sabWoTa kavSiris mTel 1937-1938 wlebis politi-
ebraelobaSi ki mxolod 3,0-s. 1989 w. bunebrivi kuri represiebi gansakuTrebiT
namatis maCvenebeli saqarTvelos ebraelobaSic mZafrad igrZnes ebraelebma mos-
uaryofiTi gaxda (-3,6), magram isic gansxvavde- kovSi, leningradSi, ukrainasa
boda bevrad uaresi maCveneblisgan sabWoTa kav- da sxva mokavSire respublikebSi,
Siris mTeli ebraelobisaTvis (-14,0). sadac maT TvalsaCino saxelm-
1921-1991 wlebis saqarTvelos ebrauli mo- wifo, partiuli da sameurneo
saxleobis socialuri cxovrebis analizi unda Tanamdebobebi eWiraT. qarTveli
gakeTdes mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul poli- ebraelebi politikurad nakleb
tikur da ekonomikur konteqstSi. aqtiuri iyvnen da am represiebis
obieqturad dadebiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs is, Sedegad, savaraudod, aSkenazi
rom ruseTSi monarqiis gauqmebis Semdeg 1917 ebraelebTan SedarebiT propor-
welsve gauqmda ebraelebis “binadrobis zRvari”, ciulad naklebi danakargi unda
moixsna „procentuli SezRudva“umaRles sas- ganecadaT, Tumca, magaliTad,
wavleblebSi ebraelTa miRebisaTvis da cariz- cnobili mwerlisa da sazoga-
mis sxva antiebrauli SezRudvebi. adre dabebSi do moRvawis gercel baazovis
SeyuJul ebraelebs farTo asparezi gaexsnaT represireba qarTvel ebraelTa
dasaqmebisa da samsaxurebrivi winsvlisaTvis. TemisaTvis mZime dartymas war-
maT SeeqmnaT gansaxlebis arealis gafarToebis moadgenda.
saSualeba. aSkenazi ebraelebi mravlad dasaxld- saqarTveloSi 1937-1938 wlebis
nen moskovSi, leningradSi, ruseTis sxva did qa- represiebis msxverplTa eTni-
laqebSi, daewafnen ganaTlebas da dawinaurdnen kuri Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb ger-
saxelmwifo samsaxursa da komunisturi partiis maneli mecnierebis mier Catareb-
aparatSi. ulma kvlevam aCvena, rom im wlebSi
v. konstantinovis gamoTvliT, 1920-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi daapatimres 207
pirvel naxevarSi ebraelebi Seadgendnen sakav- aSkenazi da 82 qarTveli ebrae-
Siro kompartiis wevrebis 5 procentzemets, rac li. SedarebisaTvis: imave wlebSi
samjer aRemateboda maT wils sabWoTa kavSiris daapatimres 13 aTasamde eTnikuri
mTel mosaxleobaSi (1,8 procenti). es iribad qarTveli, romelTagan 5,5 aTasze
gviCvenebs maT sagrZnob rols imdroindeli sab- metidaxvrites [Большевисткий
WoTa kavSiris Sidapolitikur cxovrebaSi. порядок в Грузии (Издание в 2-х томах.
1920-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos kompartiis Том 1: Большой террор в маленькой
(romelic sakavSiro kompartiis regionul or- кавказской республике). Составители
ganizacias warmoadgenda) SemadgenlobaSi Марк Юнге, Бернд Бонвеч. Москва:
ebraelebi 0,8 procents Seadgendnen: es naklebi АИРО-XXI, 2015].
iyo maT wilze saqarTvelos mTel mosaxleobaSi eTnikuri solidaroba, mkacri
(1,15 procenti), magram uTanabrdeboda qarTveli patriarqaluri garemo, romelic
ebraelebis wils (0,78 procenti 1926 wlis mo- obieqturad uadvilebda ebrae-
saxleobis aRweris monacemebiT). momdevno aT- lebs TviTgadarCenas Sua sauku-
wleulebSi saqarTvelos kompartia inarCunebda neebis feodaluri aSlilobis
am proporcias (0,8 procents) ebrauli warmoSo- periodSi da ruseTis imperiaSi
bis partiis wevrebisaTvis [Константинов, gv. 249]. maTTvis arsebuli SezRudvebis
sabazro urTierTobebTan tradiciulad daka- pirobebSi, didxans SenarCunda
vSirebuli ebrauli mosaxleobisaTvis xelsayre- sabWoTa periodis pirvel aT-
li aRmoCnda 1921-1928 wlebSi sabWoTa kavSirSi wleulebSic.
moqmedi “axali ekonomikuri politika” (Новая (dasasruli iqneba)

5. amJamad q. gardabani
6. amJamad q. TeTriwyaro
7. amJamad kaspis municipalitetis sofeli axalqalaqi
8. amJamad q. bolnisi
9. amJamad q. dmanisi
10. afxazeTis xelSekrulebiTi sabWoTa socialisturi respublika (axssr, Договорная ССР
Абхазия) arsebobda 1921-1931 wlebSi. 1924 wlis sabWoTa konstitucia mas ganixilavda saqa-
rTvelos ssr-is avtonomi-ur erTeulad. „SeTanxmebiTi respublikis“ statusi anomalia
iyo da 1931 wels sabWoTa kavSirSi Cata-rebuli administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis
reformis procesSi mas oficialurad ewoda „afxazeTis avtonomiuri sabWoTa socialis-
turi respublika“ saqarTvelos ssr-is SemadgenlobaSi.
11. xelvaCauris municipalitetis sof. winsvla
12. 1937 wels Catarebuli mosaxleobis sruliad sakavSiro aRweris monacemebi qveynis
umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis (anu i.stalinis) brZanebiT gaasaidumloes, xolo aRweris
organizatorebi daxvrites, rogorc „mavneblebi“. aseTi ganaCenis mizezi iyo Semdegi:
aRweramde stalinma ganacxada, rom „socialisturma aRmSeneblobam“ TiTqos gamoiwvia
sabWoTa kavSiris mosaxleobis ganuxreli zrda. aRweris Sedegebma ki, piriqiT, aCvena mo-
saxleobis sagrZnobi kleba iq, sadac 1929-1932 ww. koleqtivizacia (koleqtiur meurneo-
bebSi gaerTianeba) Zaladobrivi meTodebiT Catarda da Seiwira 7 milionze meti adamianis
sicocxle. es ZiriTadad moxda ukrainaSi, yazaxeTsa da samxreT ruseTSi. 1937 wlis aRweris
Sedegebi mxolod 1990 wels gamoqveynda.
13. es wigni momawoda prof. reuven enoxma (ruben enuqaSvilma), risTvisac did madlobas
movaxseneb.