Page 22 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Persian Invasion
 Darius, King of Persia (522-486 BC) captured some of the territories in the east of
Sindhu in 218 BC.
 The Persian ruler, Xerses enlisted Indians in his army.
 Kharoshti script was brought to India by Persians.
Alexander‘s Invasion
 Alexander was born in 356 BC.
 He was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, Epirus or Olympias was his mother and
Aristotle was his teacher.
 In 336 BC, he became King.
 He founded the city Alexandria in Egypt.
 In 326 BC, he defeated Porus and captured Taxila through the battle of Hydaspes on
the Jhelum River.
 The ruler of Taxila, Ambhi invited Alexander to India.
 At the age of 33, he died due to malaria.
 Eudamas, was the last general of Alexander in India.
 Selucus Nikator was the first general of Alexander in India.
 Alexander IV succeeded Alexander as the king of Macedonia.
 His teacher Aristotle is considered the ―Father of Politics, Biology, Taxonomy and
science of Logic‖.
JAINISM
 Jainism was founded by Rishabhadeva.
 There were 24 Tirthankaras. Rishabhadeva was the first Tirthankara.
Life of Mahavira
 The last Tirthankara was Mahavira.
 Mahavira was born in 599 BC, in Kundagram.
 Siddhartha, the father of Mahavira was head of Jnatrika clan and his mother Trishala,
was a Princess of Lichchavi, Yasoda was his wife and Priyadarshana also called Anojja
was his daughter.
 He left his home at the age of 30 and visited the court of Bimbisara and Ajatashatru.
Way to Nirvana
 Right faith
 Right knowledge
 Right conduct
Five main teachings
 Non-Injury
 Non-lying
 Non-stealing
 Non-possession
 Observe continence
Sacred Literature
 Ardhamagathi, the sacred literature of the Svetambaras written in a form of Prakrit.
 Classified as follows:
 The twelve Angas
 The twelve Upangas
 The ten Parikarnas

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