Page 21 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Buddhism adopted Pali and Jainism adopted Prakrit.
 During the Medieval period, both languages Pali and Prakrit disappeared.
 During the time of Buddha, most important kingdoms were as follows:
 Vatsa: Capital Kausambi
 Avanti: Capital Ujjayini
 Kosala: Capital Ayodhay
 Magadha: Capital Rajagriha.

MAGADHA EMPIRE
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 The period of Magadha Empire was 6 century to 4 century BC.
 Four important royal dynasties – Haryankas of Magadha, Ikshvakus of Kosala, Pauravas
of Vatsa and Pradyotas of Avanti.
 A new dynasty named Haryanka was founded in Magadha by King Bimbisara.
 By defeating the Brihadrathas, Bimbisara founded the dynasty.

King Bimbisara of Magadha (544 BC-492 BC)

 Bimbisara, a contemporary of Buddha.
 Rajgir (Giriv Raja) was his capital. Strengthened his position with the ruling families of
Kosala, Vaisali and Madra (3 Wives).
 Rajgir was impregnable because his capital was surrounded by 5 hills.
History Ajatshatru (492 BC-460 BC)

 Bimbisara‘s son killed Ajatshatru‘s father and captured the throne.
 Joined Vaisali and Kosala. At that time, Kosala was ruled by Prasenajit.
 Buddha died during his rule and thus the first Buddhist council was arranged.

History of Udayin (460-444BC)
 Udayin founded the Pataliputra, new capital.
 Situated at the junction of the Ganga and Son.
Shishunaga Dynasty (412-344BC)

 It was founded by Minister Shishunaga.
 Succeeded by Kalasoka (Second Buddhist Council).
 Destruction of power of Avanti was the greatest achievement.
 Nandivardhan was the last ruler of Shishunaga dynasty.
Nanda Dynasty (344 – 321 BC)

 Considered as the first of the non-Kshatriya dynasties.

 Established by Mahapadma Nanda, a powerful empire.
 He had the titles of Ekarat and Sarvakshatrantaka.

 It had a tremendous army consisting of infantry – 2, 00,000 lakh, cavalry – 2,000, war
chariots – 2,000 and war elephants – 3,000.

 Dhanananda, was the last ruler of Nanda dynasty.
 Dhanananda was contemporary of Alexander.

 During Dhanananda‘s rule, Alexander invaded India in 326 BC.

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