Page 66 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Growth of Modern Education in India
First Phase (1758 – 1812)
 During this period, British East India Company was interested in the education of subjects.
 The two minor expectations were
 In 1781, set up Calcutta Madrsah by Warren Hastings for the study & teaching of
Muslim law and subjects.
 In 1792, Sanskrit college in Varanasi by Jonathan Duncan for study of Hindu law and
philosophy.
 Both were designed to help the administration laws in the courts.
Second phase (1813 – 1853)
 Christian Missionaries and humanitarians, to encourage modern education in India.
 In 1813 Charter Act, spent one lakh annually to encourage the learning Indians in India.
 During this phase, two controversies about the nature of education arose.
 In 1844, Lord Hardinge decided to give jobs to Indians who were educated in English
schools.
 ‗Downward Filtration theory‘ –Education and ideas from the upper classes.
 The policy was continued till the end of British rule.
 In 1854, it was officially abandoned.
Third Phase (1854 – 1900)
 Educational dispatch of 1854 was also called as Wood‘s Dispatch.
 Considered as Magna Carta of English education in India.
 Rejected ‗Filtration theory‘.
 Established University of Calcutta (Jan 1857) Bombay (Jul 1857), Madras (Sep 1857),
Punjab (1882) and Allahabad (1887).
 Hunter Commission was appointed by Lord Ripon.
Fourth Phase (1901 – 1920)
 In 1902, Lord Curzon appointed Universities Commission under Thomas Raleigh.
 In 1904, Indian Universities Act was passed.
 Criticized by nationalists
 In 1910, department of education was established.
 Lord Chelmsford appointed Saddler Commission, to review the working of Calcutta
University.
 Seven new universities were opened. They were Banaras, Mysore, Patna, Aligarh,
Dhaka, Lucknow and Osmania.
 Established Kashi Vidyapeeth and Jamia Milia Islamia.
Fifth Phase (1921 – 1947)
 Officially came under Indian control.
 The number of universities was increased.
 The quality of higher education was improved.
 Established Inter-university board in 1924.
 Achievement in women‘s education and education of backward classes.
Hartog Committee (1929)
 Primary education was improved.
 Recommended the policy of consolidation.
 Universities should be improved.
 In 1937, Wardha scheme of Basic Education worked under Zakir Hussain committee.

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