Page 70 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Important National leaders
 Shaheed Bhagat Singh (1907 – 1931)
 Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)
 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 – 1964)
 Chandrasekhar Azad (1906 – 1931)
 Subhas Chandra Bose (1897 – 1945)
 Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884 – 1963)
 Sardar Valla Bhai Patel (1875 – 1950)
 Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904 – 1966)
 Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 – 1920)
 Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1886 – 1915)

CULTURE AND HERITAGE
Religion
 Indus Valley civilization is the oldest and the best civilization of the world.
 Vedas are the earliest documents of the human mind.
 Four Vedas – Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Veda.
 Ramayana and Mahabharata are two popular ancient epics.
 Bhagavad Gita – Full of philosophical principles.
 Lord Buddha, addressed that happiness could be gained.
 Hinduism – large number of gods and goddesses besides the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu.
 Guru Nanak Dev – Founder of Sikhism, preached simplicity, purity of life, and religious
tolerance.
 Astrology and Astronomy were popular.
 Aryabhatta – first major mathematician Astronomer.
 He calculated the time of solar eclipse more than 2000 years ago.
 C.V. Raman, Subramanian Chandrasekhar and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan are the
Indian Scientists who won Nobel prizes in the field of science.
Literature
 India has a rich literary heritage.
 Rich Regional literature.
 India- Linguistically diverse community.
 Sanskrit – Prakrit and Ardha Agahi were spoken by the masses.
 During the Mughal rule, Sanskrit was the court language.
 Urdu and Hindustani are common languages in North India.
 The division of society on the basis of caste system.
 Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Paramahamsa Dev, Swami Vivekananda,
Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have contributed to Indian
culture.
Music
 Expression of human thoughts and emotions.
 Based on the concept of ragas and tales.
 Two classical Music styles – Carnatic and Hindustani.
 Bhimsen Joshi, M.S. Subhalakshmi, Kishore Amonkar, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ustad Zakir
Hussains are the Indian musicians who have gained popularity both in India and abroad.

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