Page 68 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Theosophical Society
 Founded by Madame Blavatsky and Col. H.S. Olcott in New York in 1875.
 Shifted his headquarters to Adayar near Madras in 1882.
 His philosophy was inspired by the Upanishads.
 Dr. Annie Besant, came to India in 1893.
 In 1898, she started Central Hindu School at Benaras.
 Later it became Benaras Hindu University under Madan Mohan Malavya in 1916.
 First woman President of INC in 1917.
 Started Home Rule League in 1916 with Dadabhai Naoroji as its President.
Young Bengal Movement
 Founder – Henry Vivian Derozio, teacher in Calcutta Hindu College.
 Derozians are his followers. They attacked old traditions and decadent customs.
 In 1828, Academic Association was initiated.
 Supported women‘s education and their rights.
Deva Samaj
 Founder - Shiv Narayan Agnihotri at Lahore in 1887.
 Religion - Deva Shastra, Teaching – Devadharma.

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT
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 On 28 December 1885, Indian National Congress founded on premises of Gokuldas
Tejpal School in Mumbai.
 Presided by W.C.Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates.
 In INC, A.O.Hume played an instrumental role.
 The phases of INC are as follows:
Moderate Phase (1885 – 1905)
 The position of INC was not clear during this phase.
 The movement was confined to the educated Indians.
 Dadabhai Naoroji was the most important among the leaders.
Extremist Phase (1905 – 1919)
 Lala Lajpat Rai, Bala Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal were the leaders during
this phase.
 Swaraj government made the call of INC.
Gandhian Phase (1919 – 1947)
 Dominated by the objective of Purna Swaraj.
 Dynamic leadership of Gandhi with unique method of non-violence.
Important Movements of Gandhian phase

Khilafat Movement
 The main cause was the defeat of Turkey in the First World War.
 The whole movement was based on Muslims.
 Muslims are India had been upset over British against Turkey.
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, M.A. Ansari and Ali brothers were important leaders.
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 The Khilafat Committee had been formed on 19 October 1919.
 Mahatma Gandhi was interested in bringing Hindus and Muslims together.

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