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Making conversation                                                                                        STALLING TECHNIQUES


                                                                                                                        If extra time is needed to think about a difficult question before
                                                                                                                        answering it, a response can be started with a stalling phrase to
        Many words and phrases are used in English to ease the             See also:                                    indicate that the question is being considered.
        flow of conversation. These techniques are often called            More linking words 112
        organizing, backchanneling, or stalling.                           Hedging 119



                 INFORMAL ORGANIZING WORDS
         A number of general words                     “Right” gets attention before
         can be used to move from                      saying something important.
         one topic to another in
         conversational English.


                                                       “OK” acknowledges that the
                                                       other speaker has been heard.




                                                       “So” indicates that a conclusion
                                                       is being reached.








                  BACKCHANNELING                                                                                        FURTHER EXAMPLES
         When listening to another speaker,
         it’s common to use words to show
         you agree and are paying attention.
         This is known as backchanneling.























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   328-329_Unit_120_Making_Conversation.indd   328                                                   02/09/2016   12:52  328-329_Unit_120_Making_Conversation.indd   329                                           25/07/2016   12:56
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