Page 360 - Nidalist

past participles 13, 51 prepositions 105, 108, R1, R14–R17 Q S speech, parts of see parts of speech “that” 65, 86, 87, R13
in passive voice 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 dependent 109 spelling rules R23 as relative pronoun 81
in third (unreal past) conditional 29 of place 106 quantifiers 76, 82 “-s” suffixes 1, 5, 69 for gerunds 51 in passive voice 28
regular and irregular 11 of time 107 quantities 70, 76 in questions 3 for plurals 69 with “so” and “such” 103
past perfect with verbs 53, 54 quantity phrases 75 negatives 2 for suffixes 7, 115 see also “this”
continuous 14, 16 present 5, 34, R4 questions 34, 42, 56 to show regular events 107 in past simple 7 “the” 63, 64, 97
in reported speech 44 for future events 19 about frequency 102 with singular agreement 71 in present particle 4 “the more... the merrier” 95
in third conditional 29, 31 with future continuous 20 about quantities 70 “say” and “said” 43, 45 spoken English 120 “the... the better” 95
passive 25 with possibilities 32 indirect 38 saying English see pronunciation “although” 111 “their” and “theirs” 80, R13
simple 13, 16 with “still” 101 in future tense 17, 20 scene-setting 10 ellipsis 89 “them” 68
with possibilities 32 present continuous 4, 5, 23 in past simple 9 second (present unreal) conditional 29, 31 “have got” 80 “themselves” 78
with “wish” 33 for future events 19 in present tense 3, 4, 5 “if I were you” 59 intonation in 39, 40, 44, 55 “then” 94, 117
past simple 7, 11, 14, 16 in reported speech 44 in reported speech 47 with modal verbs 30 phrasal verbs 55 “there” 28, 41, 85
in direct and reported speech 44 passive 24 object and subject 37 second person pronouns 77 questions 38, 39, 40 “therefore” 112
in second conditional 29, 31 phrasal verbs in 55 open questions 36 “seem” 119 stalling techniques 120 “these” and “those” 44, 65
negative 8 with future continuous 20 short 40 “-self” and “-selves,” suffixes 78 state verbs 49, 50, R19 “they” 77, 80, R13
passive 25, 28 with present participles 51 tags 39 sentences, parts of see parts of speech in present tense 4, 5 “think” 18
phrasal verbs in 55 present participles 10, 51 use of articles in 63 separable phrasal verbs 55, R20 statistics 76 third (past unreal) conditional 29, 30, 31
questions 9, 34, 39 present particle 4 with “have” 80 sequencing phrases and markers 117 “still” 101 third person 1, 5, 77
short questions 40 present passive 27 with indefinite pronouns 79 “shall” 18, 56, 58 “stop” 6 “this” 43, 45, 65
with other past tenses 10, 13, 14 present perfect R7 with “might” 62 shapes, adjectives for 92 storytelling 10, 16 see also “that”
with “there” 85 continuous 12, 14, 16 question words 35, 36 “she” 77, 80, R13 stress 74, 112 “those” and “these” 44, 65
with unlikely possibilities 32 in reported speech 44 ellipsis after 89 shifting focus, in parts of sentences 87 on first syllables 55 “though” 112
with “wish” 33 passive 25 in relative structures 83 short answers 41 on last syllables 4, 7, 51, 115 three-word phrasal verbs 55
percentages 74 simple 11, 12, 16 with “-ever” 84 shortened words see contractions “stronger” 95 time, descriptions of 15, 107, R26
perfect passive 27 “there has been / have been” 85 with modal verbs 58 short questions 40, 42 subject pronouns 77 adverbials 88
permissions 56, 58 with past participles 51 “quietly” 98 “should” 36, 56, 59 subject questions 37, 42 conjunctions as time phrases 113
personal pronouns 68, 77 with auxiliary verbs 49 “quite” 75, 100 “should have” 33 subjects and verbs 49 specific expressions of 19, 44, 86
phrasal verbs 54, 55, R20–R21 present possibilities 62 similar-sounding words 74, R22 agreement 7, 71 “-tion” suffixes 115
see also three-word phrasal verbs present simple 1, 5, 23 R simple forms 13, 26, 50 inversion of 38, 88 “to”
“pick up” 55 for future plans 19 in present perfect tense 11, 12 subjects in defining relative clauses 81 as preposition 105, 109
places, description of 44, 106 in conditional sentences 29, 31 “rarely” 102 see also past simple; present simple subjects in passive voice 24, 25, 28 in reduced infinitives 90
plans 52 in direct speech 43 “re-” prefixes 114 “since,” with times or dates 107 subjects in questions 34 use in time phrases 107
“please” 6 negative 2 reactions, to statements 120 singular forms, verbs 79 in future tense 17 see also infinitives (verbs)
plural forms passive 28 “really” 59, 100, 120 singular forms, nouns 69, 73 in past tense 9 “tomorrow” 19
compound nouns 73 phrasal verbs in 55 reasons, in sentences 111 subject-verb agreement 71 in present tense 3, 4 “too” 75, 104
irregular R24 questions in 3, 39, 40 recommendations 59 substitution of 91 subjects in reported speech 47 “totally” 100
nouns and pronouns 69, 77, 78 “pretty” 100 reduced infinitives 90 use of apostrophes with 80 subjects with imperatives 6 transitive verbs 49, 53
subject-verb agreement 71 “probably” 18 reflexive collocations 78 use of articles with 64 subordinate clauses 111, 113
substitution of 91 “promise” 90 reflexive pronouns 78 with “either” and “neither” 68 subordinating conjunctions 111, 113 U
use of apostrophes with 80 promises, using “will” 18 regrets 33 with “there” 85 substitution 65, 91
use of articles with 63, 64 pronouns 6, 53, 75, R1 “regularly” 102 with “this” and “that” 65 “such” 103, 117 UK and US English, differences between
with “both” 68 indefinite 79 regular past participles 11 see also countable nouns; uncountable nouns suffixes 7, 115 collective nouns 71
with “there” 85 in reported speech 44 regular verbs 7 “-sion” suffixes 115 “suggest” 119 “further” and “furthest” 94
with “these” and “those” 65 “none” 66 relative clauses 87, 81, 82 sizes, adjectives for 92 suggestions 18, 56, 59 prepositions 107
see also countable nouns; uncountable nouns personal 77 relative pronouns 81 “slightly” 94 superlative adjectives 97 “quite” 100
polite English see formal English possessive 80 relative structures 83 “slower” and “slowest” 99 superlative adverbs 99 short questions 40
positive statements 79 reflexive 78 repetition, avoiding 89, 90, 91 “so” 18, 88, 103 “suppose” 32 spoken numbers 74
substitution in 91 relative 81 reported speech 43 as conjunction 110 syllables 74, 94, 97 subordinate time clauses 111
with “but” 110 “this” and “that” 65 questions 47 as informal organizing word 120 see also long adjectives; stress tenses 11
with “do” 88 with prepositions 105 tenses in 44 for substitution 91 “un-” prefixes 114
with question tags 39 with separable phrasal verbs 55 with negatives 46 in comparisons 96 T uncertainties 62
possession 80, 83, 108 pronunciation 74 reporting verbs 28, 45 “so that” 111 uncountable nouns 64, 70, 75
possibilities 62 intonation 39, 40, 44, 55 requests 20, 56, 58 “some” 63, 64, 76 “tall” and “taller” 94 abstract 72
in questions 35 see also stress results, in sentences 29, 108, 111 for substitution 91 “tell” and “told” 43, 45 with “enough” 104
modal verbs for 56, 59 proper nouns 69 reversing of words (inversion) 38, 88 in non-defining relative clauses 82 tenses with “there is” 85
predictions 17, 18 punctuation R3 “right” 120 with countable and uncountable nouns 70 auxiliary verbs to form 49 with zero article 63
prefixes 114 apostrophes 80 “someone” and “somebody” 79 in reported speech 43, 44, 47 see also countable nouns
see also comma use “something” 79 phrasal verbs in 55 “under-” prefixes 114
“sometimes” 102 see also future; past; present “underneath” 106
specific opinions 92 “than” 94 understatements 75
speculations see deductions “unique” 93
“unless” 30
unlikely actions and events 29
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