Page 361 - Nidalist

S speech, parts of see parts of speech “that” 65, 86, 87, R13
as relative pronoun 81
spelling rules R23
“-s” suffixes 1, 5, 69 for gerunds 51 in passive voice 28
in questions 3 for plurals 69 with “so” and “such” 103
negatives 2 for suffixes 7, 115 see also “this”
to show regular events 107 in past simple 7 “the” 63, 64, 97
with singular agreement 71 in present particle 4 “the more... the merrier” 95
“say” and “said” 43, 45 spoken English 120 “the... the better” 95
saying English see pronunciation “although” 111 “their” and “theirs” 80, R13
scene-setting 10 ellipsis 89 “them” 68
second (present unreal) conditional 29, 31 “have got” 80 “themselves” 78
“if I were you” 59 intonation in 39, 40, 44, 55 “then” 94, 117
with modal verbs 30 phrasal verbs 55 “there” 28, 41, 85
second person pronouns 77 questions 38, 39, 40 “therefore” 112
“seem” 119 stalling techniques 120 “these” and “those” 44, 65
“-self” and “-selves,” suffixes 78 state verbs 49, 50, R19 “they” 77, 80, R13
sentences, parts of see parts of speech in present tense 4, 5 “think” 18
separable phrasal verbs 55, R20 statistics 76 third (past unreal) conditional 29, 30, 31
sequencing phrases and markers 117 “still” 101 third person 1, 5, 77
“shall” 18, 56, 58 “stop” 6 “this” 43, 45, 65
shapes, adjectives for 92 storytelling 10, 16 see also “that”
“she” 77, 80, R13 stress 74, 112 “those” and “these” 44, 65
shifting focus, in parts of sentences 87 on first syllables 55 “though” 112
short answers 41 on last syllables 4, 7, 51, 115 three-word phrasal verbs 55
shortened words see contractions “stronger” 95 time, descriptions of 15, 107, R26
short questions 40, 42 subject pronouns 77 adverbials 88
“should” 36, 56, 59 subject questions 37, 42 conjunctions as time phrases 113
“should have” 33 subjects and verbs 49 specific expressions of 19, 44, 86
similar-sounding words 74, R22 agreement 7, 71 “-tion” suffixes 115
simple forms 13, 26, 50 inversion of 38, 88 “to”
in present perfect tense 11, 12 subjects in defining relative clauses 81 as preposition 105, 109
see also past simple; present simple subjects in passive voice 24, 25, 28 in reduced infinitives 90
“since,” with times or dates 107 subjects in questions 34 use in time phrases 107
singular forms, verbs 79 in future tense 17 see also infinitives (verbs)
singular forms, nouns 69, 73 in past tense 9 “tomorrow” 19
subject-verb agreement 71 in present tense 3, 4 “too” 75, 104
substitution of 91 subjects in reported speech 47 “totally” 100
use of apostrophes with 80 subjects with imperatives 6 transitive verbs 49, 53
use of articles with 64 subordinate clauses 111, 113
with “either” and “neither” 68 subordinating conjunctions 111, 113 U
with “there” 85 substitution 65, 91
with “this” and “that” 65 “such” 103, 117 UK and US English, differences between
see also countable nouns; uncountable nouns suffixes 7, 115 collective nouns 71
“-sion” suffixes 115 “suggest” 119 “further” and “furthest” 94
sizes, adjectives for 92 suggestions 18, 56, 59 prepositions 107
“slightly” 94 superlative adjectives 97 “quite” 100
“slower” and “slowest” 99 superlative adverbs 99 short questions 40
“so” 18, 88, 103 “suppose” 32 spoken numbers 74
as conjunction 110 syllables 74, 94, 97 subordinate time clauses 111
as informal organizing word 120 see also long adjectives; stress tenses 11
for substitution 91 “un-” prefixes 114
in comparisons 96 T uncertainties 62
“so that” 111 uncountable nouns 64, 70, 75
“some” 63, 64, 76 “tall” and “taller” 94 abstract 72
for substitution 91 “tell” and “told” 43, 45 with “enough” 104
in non-defining relative clauses 82 tenses with “there is” 85
with countable and uncountable nouns 70 auxiliary verbs to form 49 with zero article 63
“someone” and “somebody” 79 in reported speech 43, 44, 47 see also countable nouns
“something” 79 phrasal verbs in 55 “under-” prefixes 114
“sometimes” 102 see also future; past; present “underneath” 106
specific opinions 92 “than” 94 understatements 75
speculations see deductions “unique” 93
“unless” 30
unlikely actions and events 29
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